Tibialis posterior muscle pain effects on hip, knee and ankle gait mechanics

Extrinsic foot muscle forces and joint contact forces in flexible flatfoot adult with foot orthosis: A parametric study of tibialis posterior muscle weakness

“…Our study demonstrated that extrinsic foot muscles, like FHL and FDL, compensated for the weakness of TP muscle, which was in line with the previous study [8]. FHL and FDL are known as contributors to the shape of the medial longitudinal arch and act by resisting midfoot dorsiflexion associated with foot pronation [27].…”

“…The aims of this combined experimental and computational study are two-fold: 1) to examine how muscles compensate for the TP muscle weakness in flatfoot, and 2) to investigate how foot orthoses affect the muscle force patterns and lower limb joint contact forces in TP weakness conditions. The previous study has indicated that extrinsic foot muscles, such as FHL and FDL, may attempt to substitute the functions of TP in case of PTTD [8]. Therefore, we hypothesized that the forces of FHL and FDL would increase when the strength of TP decreased.…”

“…Ness, Long, Marks and Harris [5] found that PTTD patients showed lower hindfoot dorsiflexion and higher hindfoot eversion than healthy participants. Some studies also indicated that the tibialis posterior (TP) muscle was less likely to be activated in PTTD, thus generating lower force during gait [7,8]. To perform the same movement, other extrinsic foot muscles, like flexor halluces longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL), may generate higher forces to compensate for the weakened TP muscle [7][8][9][10].…”

“…Some studies also indicated that the tibialis posterior (TP) muscle was less likely to be activated in PTTD, thus generating lower force during gait [7,8]. To perform the same movement, other extrinsic foot muscles, like flexor halluces longus (FHL) and flexor digitorum longus (FDL), may generate higher forces to compensate for the weakened TP muscle [7][8][9][10]. However, the effects of TP weakness on extrinsic foot muscle forces and joint mechanics were difficult to be obtained due to the challenge of in vivo measurement of lower limb mechanics.…”

A parametric study of effect of experimental tibialis posterior muscle pain on joint loading and muscle forces—Implications for patients with rheumatoid arthritis?

“…muscles. However, a recent study based on the same gait data showed altered knee and hip joint angles during walking with experimental pain in the TP muscle [28], indicating that even temporary pain changes gait mechanics.…”