Tibio-femoral joint contact forces in sheep

Taylor, William R.; Ehrig, Rainald; Heller, Markus O.; Schell, Hanna; Seebeck, Petra; Duda, Georg N.

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.02.006

Cited by 118 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Stress loads of 1.5-3.5 BW patellofemoral were described in cats 33 and 2.1 BW tibiofemoral in the sheep model. 34 Although no data are available in the minipig model, we consider joint load in both locations as similar. As defect size and geometry did not differ substantially in our studies, we interpret our findings based on the distinct shape and geometry of the articulating surfaces in ............................................................................................................................................. each joint compartment: a rather plane and congruent articulating surface in the TG in contrast to a more convex surface in the MFC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of defect localization on spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects in a Göttingen minipig model: a retrospective analysis of the medial patellar groove versus the medial femoral condyle

et al. 2009

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Various animal models for experimental osteochondral defect healing have been used in orthopaedic research. Two main defect locations were chosen: the patellar groove or the central part of the medial femoral condyles (MFC). To date, it is not clear whether both locations display similar patterns in critical size osteochondral defect healing. We retrospectively analysed both locations in our minipig model hypothesizing that they show similar healing pattern. Thirty-five defects were analysed after three or 12 months. Osteochondral defects were 10 mm deep and 6.3 mm (MFC, n ¼ 19) in diameter or 8 mm and 5.4 mm, respectively (trochlear groove [TG], n ¼ 16). Semi-quantitative histological scoring and histomorphological evaluation were carried out. Both defect locations showed fillings of fibrous and fibrocartilage-like repair tissue. The osseous defect was closed by endochondral bone formation in the MFC. Semi-quantitative scoring did not show differences, whereas qualitative histomorphological analysis more frequently showed cartilaginous repair tissue in MFC defects. There was more frequent subchondral bone cyst formation in MFC location (P ¼ 0.05), TG defects resulted in lower postoperative pain. Both defect localizations are suitable for studies on osteochondral healing. Since regenerating with less hyaline-like repair tissue and less subchondral cyst formation, TG is more favourable for experimental osteochondral defect healing in this model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of defect localization on spontaneous repair of osteochondral defects in a Göttingen minipig model: a retrospective analysis of the medial patellar groove versus the medial femoral condyle

et al. 2009

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“…4). The impingement occurs at the end range of flexion (90-1208 in ovine hips) 13,14 in the postero-superior acetabular area. A pilot in vitro and in vivo trial involving ten ovine cadaver hips and eight Swiss Alpine sheep was performed to test the feasibility of experimentally induced cam-type FAI and to detect the optimal varisation angle.…”

Section: Animal Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17,18 When analyzing all cartilage specimens from all sectors together on the acetabular side, a higher MS was found in the operated hips (4.9 [range 1.5-10.8]) versus the control hips (0.9 [0-2.5], p ¼ 0.001, Table 3 Table 3) when analyzing both portions of the head. In the operated hips, the non-spherical portion had an increased MS (9 [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]) in comparison to the control side (0.2 [0-2], p < 0.001, Table 3). Changes in cellularity were seen most commonly (67%), followed by structural irregularities (60%), a reduction in staining (41%), and loss of the integrity of the tidemark (35%; Figs.…”

Section: Experimentally Induced Fai In Sheepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimentally induced cam impingement in the sheep hip

Siebenrock

Fiechter

Tannast

et al. 2012

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Sheep hips have a natural non-spherical femoral head similar to a cam-type deformity in human beings. By performing an intertrochanteric varus osteotomy, cam-type femoro-acetabular impingement (FAI) during flexion can be created. We tested the hypotheses that macroscopic lesions of the articular cartilage and an increased Mankin score (MS) can be reproduced by an experimentally induced cam-type FAI in this ovine in vivo model. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the MS increases with longer ambulatory periods. Sixteen sheep underwent unilateral intertrochanteric varus osteotomy of the hip with the non-operated hip as a control. Four sheep were sacrificed after 14, 22, 30, and 38-weeks postoperatively. We evaluated macroscopic chondrolabral alterations, and recorded the MS, based on histochemical staining, for each ambulatory period. A significantly higher prevalence of macroscopic chondrolabral lesions was found in the impingement zone of the operated hips. The MS was significantly higher in the acetabular/femoral cartilage of the operated hips. Furthermore, these scores increased as the length of the ambulatory period increased. Pathologic abutment between the proximal femur and the acetabular rim, termed ''femoro-acetabular impingement'' (FAI), has recently been proposed as a pathomechanism for development of early osteoarthritis of the hip.1,2 This impingement represents a dynamic overload of the affected areas of the acetabulum. ''Cam-type'' impingement is caused by an aberrant non-spherical femoral head. In theory, abnormal shear forces are transmitted to the antero-superior portion of the acetabulum during the end range of flexion and internal rotation.2,3 These abnormal shear forces result in a cascade of chondrolabral degeneration in the acetabulum, as well as degeneration of cartilage on the aspherical portion of the femoral head.

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“…Peak axial tibiofemoral contact forces in sheep of 2.12 x body weight were recorded by Taylor et al [14], and an average body weight for sheep of 647.5 N can be calculated from values reported by Bergmann et al [32]. The axial contact force, , can then be calculated giving = 2.12 x 647.5 = 1.3727 kN.…”

Section: Compressive Loadingmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Similar methods were employed by Roshan-Ghias et al [13] to generate FE models of a scaffold-callus construct for uniaxial loading simulations. The use of four-point bending tests gives a more complete picture of the mechanical integrity of the scaffold-callus construct [6,11] under the complex loading conditions in-vivo [14] in comparison to the use of uniaxial loading alone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%