Tic-Related Obsessive–Compulsive and Eating Disorders in Dandy–Walker Variant: A Case Report and Systematic Reappraisal of Psychiatric Profiles

Abstract

Dandy–Walker complex (DWC) consists of a continuum of brain malformations involving the posterior fossa, often leading to psychiatric manifestations during adulthood. We discussed the case of a young woman with Dandy–Walker variant (DWV) and a comorbid complex neuropsychiatric presentation, who was diagnosed with an eating disorder, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and a tic disorder. Afterwards, we conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020-compliant systematic review reappraising all evidence of psychiatric outcomes in adults with DWC. Overall, 34 studies were eligible for data extraction, comprising 36 patients. Psychiatric profiles were more common among young adult males, with DWC lesions, especially DWV subtype, being often discovered incidentally after admission to mental health inpatient facilities. Most patients were diagnosed with psychosis and bipolar disorder, often comorbid with cognitive impairment. Psychotropic polypharmacy was frequently prescribed, generally leading to complete recovery. Evidence from our case report and systematic review indicates the importance of monitoring long-term psychiatric sequelae among adult patients with DWC malformations.