Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective

Abdelbaset, Abdelbaset Eweda; Nonaka, Nariaki

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100443

Cited by 20 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…In particular, ticks are carriers of many types of livestock and human diseases worldwide, which cause many economic and health problems (31,32). To complete the meal from the host's blood, the ticks must pass the barrier of the host's immune system or suppress the host's immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant vaccines in the control of tick-borne diseases: a systematic review

Hussaini

2023

AJBMS

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Introduction: Ticks are important ectoparasites that eat blood from various animals and sometimes human hosts and this eating causes direct disease or transmission of microorganisms. Investigation and reporting of human bites, vaccines, and treatments can be effective in preventing and promoting human health. Therefore, this study investigated recombinant vaccines for the control of tick-borne diseases. Materials and Methods: The necessary data for this review were obtained solely from the research articles published by 2022 based on databases including the Iran Research Information System, SID, Magiran, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct. Results: This study showed that the extraction of numerous articles in the regulation of many types of recombinant vaccines, ticks, and tick-borne diseases is important. Conclusion: Tick-borne diseases are an economic and health problem in the world and have many destructive effects on humans and animals. Recombinant vaccines are available to control a variety of mites and some tick-borne diseases such as Lyme disease, encephalitis, and Crimean-Congo fever. However, new vaccines need to be developed to reduce tick pathogenicity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recombinant vaccines in the control of tick-borne diseases: a systematic review

Hussaini

2023

AJBMS

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“…Ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites with worldwide distribution, infesting animals and transmitting severe infectious diseases to animals and humans (Abdel Gawad et al 2023 ). Ticks and tick-borne diseases (TBDs) are widespread in Egyptian localities (Abdelbaset et al 2022 ). Hyalomma dromedarii (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) is the predominant tick species parasitizing camels in Egypt (Abdel-Ghany et al 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological effects of the fruit extract of Citrullus colocynthis on the ovary of the tick Hyalomma dromedarii

Ali,

Montasser,

Mohamed

2024

Exp Appl Acarol

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Hyalomma dromedarii is the predominant tick species parasitizing camels in Egypt which leads to mortalities in young animals that result in economic losses. It can transmit a lot of pathogens to animals and humans, such as the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, the Dhori virus, Kadam virus, Theileria annulata and spotted fever rickettsia. The continuous use of chemical acaricides has negative impact on the environment and almost led to acaricidal resistance, and hence the plant extracts represent alternative methods for controlling ticks. The present study was carried out to assess the histopathological effects on the ovary of fed female Hyalomma dromedarii following immersion in the ethanolic extract of fruits of Citrullus colocynthis (100 mg/mL). Light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy observations provided evidence that Citrullus colocynthis caused extensive damage to oocytes. Destruction of the internal organelles of oocytes, along with delay and/or inhibition of vitellogenesis were demonstrated. This is the first histological study that points to damage in H. dromedarii ovaries following treatment with the ethanolic extract of fruits of C. colocynthis. The data presented suggest that the plant extract affects the ovary either directly by entering the oocytes and/or indirectly by damaging the gut cells and digestion of blood that interfere with the development of oocytes, so it can be used as a promising agent for tick control.

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“…Despite the insignificant burden on human populations, cases of zoonotic pathogens in animals that can negatively impact on public health and quality of life, found in ticks and humans have been reported. Generally, human infections due to the TBPs in Egypt are usually underestimated, requiring extensive molecular surveillance to identify known and new pathogens [ 35 ]. Limited data from the available Egyptian records of TBP-suffering humans refers to four children in Giza Governorate diagnosed with tick paralysis [ 36 ], a couple of human babesiosis cases in Al-Minia Governorate [ 37 , 38 ], four children suffering from Lyme disease in Alexandria Governorate [ 39 ], and three human Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) cases in Cairo and Gharbia Governorates [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular screening and genetic diversity of tick-borne pathogens associated with dogs and livestock ticks in Egypt

Senbill,

Karawia,

Zeb

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) offer optimal climatic conditions for tick reproduction and dispersal. Research on tick-borne pathogens in this region is scarce. Despite recent advances in the characterization and taxonomic explanation of various tick-borne illnesses affecting animals in Egypt, no comprehensive examination of TBP (tick-borne pathogen) statuses has been performed. Therefore, the present study aims to detect the prevalence of pathogens harbored by ticks in Egypt. Methodology/Principal findings A four-year PCR-based study was conducted to detect a wide range of tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) harbored by three economically important tick species in Egypt. Approximately 86.7% (902/1,040) of the investigated Hyalomma dromedarii ticks from camels were found positive with Candidatus Anaplasma camelii (18.8%), Ehrlichia ruminantium (16.5%), Rickettsia africae (12.6%), Theileria annulata (11.9%), Mycoplasma arginini (9.9%), Borrelia burgdorferi (7.7%), Spiroplasma-like endosymbiont (4.0%), Hepatozoon canis (2.4%), Coxiella burnetii (1.6%) and Leishmania infantum (1.3%). Double co-infections were recorded in 3.0% (27/902) of Hy. dromedarii ticks, triple co-infections (simultaneous infection of the tick by three pathogen species) were found in 9.6% (87/902) of Hy. dromedarii ticks, whereas multiple co-infections (simultaneous infection of the tick by ≥ four pathogen species) comprised 12% (108/902). Out of 1,435 investigated Rhipicephalus rutilus ticks collected from dogs and sheep, 816 (56.9%) ticks harbored Babesia canis vogeli (17.1%), Rickettsia conorii (16.2%), Ehrlichia canis (15.4%), H. canis (13.6%), Bo. burgdorferi (9.7%), L. infantum (8.4%), C. burnetii (7.3%) and Trypanosoma evansi (6.6%) in dogs, and 242 (16.9%) ticks harbored Theileria lestoquardi (21.6%), Theileria ovis (20.0%) and Eh. ruminantium (0.3%) in sheep. Double, triple, and multiple co-infections represented 11% (90/816), 7.6% (62/816), and 10.3% (84/816), respectively in Rh. rutilus from dogs, whereas double and triple co-infections represented 30.2% (73/242) and 2.1% (5/242), respectively in Rh. rutilus from sheep. Approximately 92.5% (1,355/1,465) of Rhipicephalus annulatus ticks of cattle carried a burden of Anaplasma marginale (21.3%), Babesia bigemina (18.2%), Babesia bovis (14.0%), Borrelia theleri (12.8%), R. africae (12.4%), Th. annulata (8.7%), Bo. burgdorferi (2.7%), and Eh. ruminantium (2.5%). Double, triple, and multiple co-infections represented 1.8% (25/1,355), 11.5% (156/1,355), and 12.9% (175/1,355), respectively. The detected pathogens’ sequences had 98.76–100% similarity to the available database with genetic divergence ranged between 0.0001 to 0.0009% to closest sequences from other African, Asian, and European countries. Phylogenetic analysis revealed close similarities between the detected pathogens and other isolates mostly from African and Asian countries. Conclusions/Significance Continuous PCR-detection of pathogens transmitted by ticks is necessary to overcome the consequences of these infection to the hosts. More restrictions should be applied from the Egyptian authorities on animal importations to limit the emergence and re-emergence of tick-borne pathogens in the country. This is the first in-depth investigation of TBPs in Egypt.

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Tick-borne diseases in Egypt: A one health perspective

Cited by 20 publications

References 170 publications

Recombinant vaccines in the control of tick-borne diseases: a systematic review

Recombinant vaccines in the control of tick-borne diseases: a systematic review

Histopathological effects of the fruit extract of Citrullus colocynthis on the ovary of the tick Hyalomma dromedarii

Molecular screening and genetic diversity of tick-borne pathogens associated with dogs and livestock ticks in Egypt

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