2019
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3418-7
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Tick-borne pathogen detection in midgut and salivary glands of adult Ixodes ricinus

Abstract: Background The tick midgut and salivary glands represent the primary organs for pathogen acquisition and transmission, respectively. Specifically, the midgut is the first organ to have contact with pathogens during the blood meal uptake, while salivary glands along with their secretions play a crucial role in pathogen transmission to the host. Currently there is little data about pathogen composition and prevalence in Ixodes ricinus midgut and salivary glands. The presen… Show more

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Cited by 64 publications
(69 citation statements)
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References 49 publications
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“…in adult ticks was higher than in nymphs and among adults, prevalence was higher in females than in males. This last result matches our recent observations where we evaluated the presence of pathogens in SG and MG in both I. ricinus males and females, and detected B. lusitaniae, B. spielmanii and B. garinii only in females [22]. In Switzerland, B. valaisiana and B. spielmanii had significantly lower prevalence in I. ricinus males than in females [1].…”
Section: Tick Stages: Larvae Vs Nymphs Vs Adultssupporting
confidence: 91%
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“…in adult ticks was higher than in nymphs and among adults, prevalence was higher in females than in males. This last result matches our recent observations where we evaluated the presence of pathogens in SG and MG in both I. ricinus males and females, and detected B. lusitaniae, B. spielmanii and B. garinii only in females [22]. In Switzerland, B. valaisiana and B. spielmanii had significantly lower prevalence in I. ricinus males than in females [1].…”
Section: Tick Stages: Larvae Vs Nymphs Vs Adultssupporting
confidence: 91%
“…Thus, despite that these are the primary organs for pathogen acquisition and transmission, few data are currently available on the organ-specific pathogen distribution. Comparing the numerous studies identifying pathogen presence and prevalence at the whole tick scale with the few of those performed at the tick organ scale [22,47,48], it is extrapolated that most of pathogens detected at the whole tick scale are logically found at a finer organ scale. Several contrasting findings can however be observed according to the tick scale we are looking at.…”
Section: The Organ Scalementioning
confidence: 99%
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“…998 nymphs have been collected over the three years [26]. As detailed in our previous studies [22,26,29], ticks were first washed once in ethanol 70% for 5 minutes and rinsed twice in sterile MilliQ water. They were then individually homogenised in 375 µL of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium with decomplemented foetal calf serum (10%) and six steel beads using the homogenizer Precellys®24 Dual (Bertin, France) at 5,500 rpm for 20 seconds.…”
Section: Tick Homogenisation and Dna Extractionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Recently, in one Ornithodoros atacamensis tick from Chile, PCR detected three different pathogens from the Anaplasmataceae family and the Borrelia and Hepatozoon genera (82). In several Ixodes ricinus ticks, a predominant European tick species, coinfection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Rickettsia helvetica were found in both the salivary glands and midgut of males and females (92). In I. ricinus a co-infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, a causative agent of Lyme disease, and Babesia microtti has been described (93).…”
Section: Tick-borne Associated Pathogensmentioning
confidence: 99%