Tick surveillance of dogs in the Republic of Korea

Choe, Hyon Chong; Fudge, Mack; Sames, William J.; Robbins, Richard G.; Lee, In Yong; Chevalier, Nicole A.; Chilcoat, Clayton D.; Lee, Sang H.

doi:10.11158/saa.16.3.5

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Ticks are obligate blood-feeding ectoparasites of wildlife (Heath et al 1987, 2010a) that also infest domestic animals (Choe et al 2011) and incidentally bite man (Cho et al 1995, Ryu et al 1998, Chae et al 2000, Ko et al 2002, Suh et al 2008, Kim et al 2010b due to the proximity of human habitations or human activities in tick-infested habitats. As vectors of a number of zoonotic arboviruses, bacteria, and protozoan pathogens, ticks significantly impact human and animal health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick surveillance in two southeastern provinces, including three metropolitan areas, of the Republic of Korea during 2014

Johnson

Kim

Coburn

et al. 2017

saa

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Tick-borne disease surveillance was conducted from March–October 2014 in two southeastern provinces, including three metropolitan areas, in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Three general habitats were surveyed: Grasses (grasses and herbaceous and crawling vegetation), Forests (pine, larch, deciduous, and mixed), and Forests+Grasses. A total of 40,048 ticks (1,480 adults; 24,201 nymphs; 14,367 larvae) belonging to three genera and six species were collected. Haemaphysalis longicornis (84.25%; 33,741) was the most commonly collected tick, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (14.52%; 5,816), Ixodes nipponensis (1.09%; 436), Amblyomma testudinarium (0.07%; 27), Haemaphysalis phasiana (0.06%; 23), and Ixodes turdus (0.01%; 5). Overall, adult ticks accounted for only 3.70% of all ticks collected, while nymphs and larvae accounted for 60.43% and 35.87%, respectively. The proportion of H. longicornis nymphs was highest beginning in March (99.51%), slowly declined through July (82.01%) and then rapidly declined to a low in October (6.45%). Large increases in the proportion of H. longicornis larvae were observed in August (42.05%), September (84.19%) and October (93.55%) following increased numbers of adults collected in June (4.20%), July (17.99%) and August (9.79%). Haemaphysalis flava adults and nymphs were commonly collected from April–May and October, while larvae were first collected from July, with peak numbers collected in August and low numbers collected during September–October. The proportion of I. nipponensis adults was highest in March (75.34%), declined to a low in July (0%), and then increased in September (60.00%) and October (90.32%). Larvae were collected only in August–September and accounted for 64.29% and 20.00% of all I. nipponensis collected during those months. Similar proportions of males and females of H. flava (51.47% and 48.53%, respectively) were collected from all habitats, while significantly more I. nipponensis males (62.20%) were collected than females (37.80%). Conversely, the proportion of H. longicornis females (80.00%) collected was significantly higher than for males (20.00%). Overall, the mean number of ticks collected/hr of collection for all habitats was 156.06/hr of collection. Similar numbers were collected/hr for Forests (172.61) and Grasses (168.64), while lower numbers were collected/hr for Forests+Grasses (128.12).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tick surveillance in two southeastern provinces, including three metropolitan areas, of the Republic of Korea during 2014

Johnson

Kim

Coburn

et al. 2017

saa

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“…The natural hosts of ticks are wild animals (Heath et al 1987, 2010a; however, since they also infest domestic animals (Choe et al 2011) and bite man (Cho et al 1995, Ryu et al 1998, Chae et al 2000, Ko et al 2002, Suh et al 2008, Kim et al 2010b, they pose significant veterinary and medical health risks. While tick-host-pathogen relationships are important to understand, collecting ticks from small-large wild animal and bird hosts (Heath et al 1987) is time consuming and can incur excessive manpower and costs (Kim et al 2010a.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Malgun Gothic'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"><strong>Tick Surveillance in Four Southwestern Provinces of the Republic of Korea during 2013</strong></span>

Coburn¹,

Chong

Kim

et al. 2016

Systematic and Applied Acarology

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Tick-borne disease surveillance was conducted monthly at different sites in four southwestern provinces of the Republic of Korea (ROK) from April-October 2013. Three general habitats were surveyed: grasses (grasses and herbaceous and crawling vegetation), forests (pine, larch, deciduous, and mixed), and forests+grasses. A total of 27,029 ticks (1,534 adults; 11,755 nymphs; 13,740 larvae) belonging to three genera and five species were collected. Haemaphysalis longicornis (64.76%; 17,504) was the most commonly collected tick, followed by Haemaphysalis flava (29.22%; 7,899), Ixodes nipponensis (5.83%; 1,575), Amblyomma testudinarium (0.17%; 46), and Haemaphysalis phasiana (0.02%; 5). Overall, adult ticks accounted for only 5.68% of all ticks collected, while nymphs and larvae accounted for 43.49% and 50.83%, respectively. Haemaphysalis longicornis nymphs were commonly collected from April-June, followed by increased numbers of adults from June-August, and large numbers of larvae from August-September, while low numbers of all stages were collected during October. Haemaphysalis flava adults and nymphs were commonly collected from April-June and September-October, while large numbers of larvae were collected from July-August. Although fewer I. nipponensis were collected, seasonal developmental stage patterns followed those of H. flava. Similar proportions of males (47.96%) and females (52.04%) of H. flava were collected. However, the proportion of H. longicornis females (85.83%) collected was significantly higher than for males (14.17%), while the proportion of I. nipponensis males (57.62%) was significantly higher than for females (42.38%). Overall, the mean number of ticks collected/hour of collection was highest for forests+grasses (108.54), followed by grasses (97.28) and forests (66.64).

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“…In Korea, some studies have serologically identified Borrelia in dogs, and the seroprevalence ranges between 1.1% and 2.2% [12,35,36]; however, Borrelia infection in dogs has not been molecularly proven. Haemaphysalis longicornis is known as a dominant tick species in Korea, and other tick species, including Ixodes, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus, have been identified in different environments [37,38]. The fact that I. nipponensis is not a dominant tick species in dogs and in environments in Korea [38] might be the reason for the low seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis in dogs in this country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Haemaphysalis longicornis is known as a dominant tick species in Korea, and other tick species, including Ixodes, Amblyomma, and Rhipicephalus, have been identified in different environments [37,38]. The fact that I. nipponensis is not a dominant tick species in dogs and in environments in Korea [38] might be the reason for the low seroprevalence of Lyme borreliosis in dogs in this country. Considering the distribution of Borrelia in animals, the existence of vector ticks, and the gradual increase in human clinical cases, continuous monitoring of Borrelia in vector ticks and animals in Korea is required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Molecular Detection and Characterization of Borrelia garinii (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae) in Ixodes nipponensis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Parasitizing a Dog in Korea

et al. 2019

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The present study aimed to detect and characterize Borrelia spp. in ticks attached to dogs in Korea. Overall, 562 ticks (276 pools) attached to dogs were collected and tested for Borrelia infection by PCR targeting the 5S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (rrf-rrl). One tick larva (pool level, 0.4%; individual level, 0.2%) was confirmed by sequencing Borrelia garinii, a zoonotic pathogen. For molecular characterization, the outer surface protein A (ospA) and flagellin genes were analyzed. Phylogenetic ospA analysis distinguished B. garinii from B. bavariensis, which has been recently identified as a novel Borrelia species. On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis showed that single gene analysis involving rrf-rrl or flagellin was not sufficient to differentiate B. garinii from B. bavariensis. In addition, the B. garinii-infected tick was identified as Ixodes nipponensis by sequencing according to mitochondrial 16S rRNA and the second transcribed spacer region. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the molecular detection of B. garinii in I. nipponensis parasitizing a dog in Korea. Continuous monitoring of tick-borne pathogens in ticks attached to animals is required to avoid disease distribution and possible transmission to humans.

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Tick surveillance of dogs in the Republic of Korea

Cited by 13 publications

References 5 publications

Tick surveillance in two southeastern provinces, including three metropolitan areas, of the Republic of Korea during 2014

Tick surveillance in two southeastern provinces, including three metropolitan areas, of the Republic of Korea during 2014

Molecular Detection and Characterization of Borrelia garinii (Spirochaetales: Borreliaceae) in Ixodes nipponensis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) Parasitizing a Dog in Korea

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