Ticks (Class Arachnida: Order Acarina)

Allan, Sandra A.

doi:10.1002/9780470377000.ch4

Cited by 46 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 249 publications

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“…Se sabe que las fases inmaduras de I. affinis parasitan principalmente a pequeños mamíferos y aves, mientras que la fase adulta parasita a mamíferos de talla mediana y grande (Guglielmone, Estrada-Peña, Keirans, & Robbins, 2004;Mannelli et al, 2012). I. affinis generalmente no infesta humanos (Rudenko et al, 2012); sin embargo, Allan (2001) (Gordillo-Pérez et al, 2007).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Detección de Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato en perros y sus garrapatas en comunidades rurales de Yucatán, México

Solís-Hernández

Rodríguez-Vivas

Esteve-Gassent

et al. 2017

RBT

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In Mexico, the distribution and the presence of pathogenic genospecies of B. burgdorferi in dogs and their ticks has not been extensively investigated. The study of canine borreliosis is acquiring greater relevance, since the dog is considered to be an important sentinel for pathogens pertaining to the complex Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato; in addition, dogs could be playing a key role in the spread of ticks from forested areas into the domestic environment. This study aimed to detect and estimate the prevalence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in dogs and their ticks in two rural communities of Yucatán, Mexico. In each community, 50 houses were visited, where 144 blood samples from dogs were studied by puncture of the saphenous vein, as well as the collection of their ticks. To detect the presence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in these samples, the conserved gene flaB, p66 and ospC were PCR amplified. A total of 144 dog blood samples, and 846 of ticks were obtained from the examined animals. Considering tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (786 / 846) was common, while Ixodes affinis (33 / 846), and Amblyomma mixtum (27 / 846) resulted less frequent. As per gene conservation, the prevalence of B. burgdorferi in canine blood was 17.3 % (25 / 144) to flaB, 12.50 % (18 / 144) for p66 and 1.38 % (2 / 144) for the ospC gene. Within the analyzed ticks, R. sanguineus s.l. had a prevalence of 0.89 %, A. mixtum 5.88 % and I. affinis 15.15 %, being this last species the one that presented higher prevalence. Two dogs and their ticks I. affinis were positive to the flaB gene. Only a tick R. sanguineus s.l. was positive to the gene p66 and no tick species was positive the ospC gene. This study confirmed the existence of B. burgdorferi s.l. in dogs and their ticks in rural communities of Yucatán, Mexico. The detection of Borrelia in dogs may be an important criterion for the evaluation of the risk of borreliosis in humans, since the dog can be used as an epidemiological indicator for the identification of new outbreaks of this disease.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Detección de Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato en perros y sus garrapatas en comunidades rurales de Yucatán, México

Solís-Hernández

Rodríguez-Vivas

Esteve-Gassent

et al. 2017

RBT

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“…that occur in Canada (Gregson 1956, Wilkinson 1967, Lindquist et al 1999, Ogden et al 2009), several of which are of medical and veterinary importance (Gregson 1956, Ogden et al 2009). All 26 species also occur south of the CanadianÐUnited States border (Gregson 1956, Durden and Keirans 1996, Allan 2001, Lubelczyk et al 2007). Some of these species, such as Ixodes scapularis Say, Ixodes muris Bishopp and Smith, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), and Haemaphysalis chordeilis (Packard), are frequently transported into Canada on migratory passerine birds that travel northwards during their spring migration (Scott et al 2001(Scott et al , 2012Morshed et al 2005;Ogden et al 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Some of these species, such as Ixodes scapularis Say, Ixodes muris Bishopp and Smith, Haemaphysalis leporispalustris (Packard), and Haemaphysalis chordeilis (Packard), are frequently transported into Canada on migratory passerine birds that travel northwards during their spring migration (Scott et al 2001(Scott et al , 2012Morshed et al 2005;Ogden et al 2008). Numerous other species of ticks, such as Amblyomma americanum (L.), Amblyomma imitator Kohls, Amblyomma inornatum (Banks), Amblyomma longirostre (Koch), Amblyomma maculatum Koch, Amblyomma sabanerae Stoll, Ixodes affinis Neumann, Ixodes baergi Cooley and Kohls, Ixodes brunneus Koch, and Ixodes dentatus Marx, have also occasionally been collected from migratory passerine birds that have traveled into Canada from the United States, Mexico, Central and South America (Scott et al 2001(Scott et al , 2012Morshed et al 2005;Ogden et al 2008 (Gregson 1956, Wilkinson 1967, Sonenshine 1991, Sorensen and Moses 1998, Kain et al 1999, Allan 2001. Some of these species are known vectors of human and animal pathogens.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on Small Mammals in Kootenay National Park, British Columbia, Canada

2013

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Two hundred and ninety-one ticks (i.e., 185 larvae, 72 nymphs, and 34 adults) were removed from 153 small mammals comprising six species collected in Verdant Forest, Numa Forest, and Marble Canyon within Kootenay National Park, British Columbia, Canada. Morphological examination and molecular analyses (i.e., polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism [PCR-SSCP] and DNA sequencing of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene) of the ticks revealed that most individuals were Ixodes angustus Neumann. All life cycle stages of I. angustus were found primarily on southern red-backed voles, Clethrionomys gapperi (Vigors). Two Dermacentor andersoni Stiles females were also found on these small mammals. The results of the molecular analyses also revealed that there were three 16S haplotypes of I. angustus and two 16S haplotypes of D. andersoni. A comparison of available sequence data suggests genetic divergence between I. angustus near the western and eastern limits of the species distributional range in North America. Additional studies are needed to determine whether there are genetic differences between I. angustus from North America, Japan, and Russia, and whether there is geographical variation in the ability of ticks to transmit pathogens to their mammalian hosts.

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“…In North America, there are 34 species of Ixodes (12), at least six of which, I. scapularis, I. pacificus, I. cookei, I. dentatus, I. brunneus, and I. texanus, have been shown to contain SFG rickettsiae (6,12). Other ticks in North America, such as Dermacentor andersoni and D. variabilis, are also vectors and reservoirs of SFG rickettsiae (i.e., R. peacockii and R. montanensis, respectively) (13)(14)(15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both D. andersoni and D. variabilis are also known vectors of R. rickettsii, the causative agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (16). All of these species of Ixodes and Dermacentor use rodents and/or insectivores as hosts for some part of their life cycle (12,17).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Rickettsia Species Detected in Vole Ticks (Ixodes angustus) from Western Canada

Anstead

Chilton

2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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The genomic DNA of ixodid ticks from western Canada was tested by PCR for the presence of Rickettsia. No rickettsiae were detected in Ixodes sculptus, whereas 18% of the I. angustus and 42% of the Dermacentor andersoni organisms examined were PCR positive for Rickettsia. The rickettsiae from each tick species were characterized genetically using multiple genes. Rickettsiae within the D. andersoni organisms had sequences at four genes that matched those of R. peacockii. In contrast, the Rickettsia present within the larvae, nymphs, and adults of I. angustus had novel DNA sequences at four of the genes characterized compared to the sequences available from GenBank for all recognized species of Rickettsia and all other putative species within the genus. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequence data revealed that the rickettsiae in I. angustus do not belong to the spotted fever, transitional, or typhus groups of rickettsiae but are most closely related to "Candidatus Rickettsia kingi" and belong to a clade that also includes R. canadensis, "Candidatus Rickettsia tarasevichiae," and "Candidatus Rickettsia monteiroi."

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Ticks (Class Arachnida: Order Acarina)

Cited by 46 publications

References 249 publications

Detección de Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato en perros y sus garrapatas en comunidades rurales de Yucatán, México

Detección de Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato en perros y sus garrapatas en comunidades rurales de Yucatán, México

Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) on Small Mammals in Kootenay National Park, British Columbia, Canada

A Novel Rickettsia Species Detected in Vole Ticks (Ixodes angustus) from Western Canada

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