Tiempos verbales y puntos de vista evidenciales citativos: Acerca de los valores citativos del futuro, del condicional y del imperfecto

Abstract

En este trabajo, y a la luz del Enfoque dialógico de la argumentación y de la polifonía, se analizan los empleos citativos del futuro (morfológico y perifrástico), del condicional (periodístico y científico) y del imperfecto. Según se argumenta, estos empleos vehiculizan 'puntos de vista evidenciales' que, en tanto tales, comportan instrucciones dialógico-causales que obligan a identificar la causa evidencial de la enunciación en la que se expresan en 'marcos de discurso' previos. Constituidos por encadenamientos argumentativos en los que una determinada representación discursiva de un decir evocado queda articulada normativa o transgresivamente con distintas aserciones respecto de ese decir, dichos marcos de discurso permiten explicar los distintos posicionamientos subjetivos plasmados en la enunciación. La aproximación al significado citativo del futuro morfológico, del futuro perifrástico, del condicional periodístico, del condicional científico y del imperfecto, que aquí se propone, permite explicar las propiedades que, en cada caso, reviste la enunciación (enunciación concesiva, refutativa, precavida y resguardada, distanciada, confiada pero prudente). Asimismo, permite dar cuenta de la imagen del decir que queda evocado en cada caso (como un decir plausible pero solo en parte acertado y justificado, como algo inadmisible, como un rumor que todavía no puede darse por cierto, como un decir calificado o como un decir confiable).

Metadiscursive Negation, Evidential Points of View and Ethos in Argentine Political Discourse

“…Following this line of thought, DAAP expands on the notion of causal instructions and characterises them from a dialogical perspective. DAAP proposes that every utterance displays as part of its meaning an image of the dialogic 'cause' that motivated its occurrence in discourse (García Negroni, 2019, 2021García Negroni & Libenson, 2020a, 2021. It is precisely to that image -which I will call a discourse frame -that enunciation dialogically and argumentatively responds with a particular stance or subjective positioning (Bakhtin, 1981(Bakhtin, , 1982.…”

“…In light of these claims, DAAP delves into the different subjective stances presented within argumentative sequences in discourse. Such sequences always occur as dialogic responses regardless of the speaker's rhetorical or strategic intentions (García Negroni, 2021;García Negroni & Hall, 2022;García Negroni & Libenson, 2020a, 2021.…”

“…From a DAAP perspective, a PoV encoding an evidential meaning involves a set of dialogic-argumentative instructions (García Negroni, 2019, 2021. Such instructions call for the identification of the 'cause' of the enunciation within an evidential discourse frame; a frame that has motivated the enunciation in which such PoV emerges.…”

“…However, with a view to accounting for such meaning, I will drift from many of the assumptions upon which most studies on evidentiality rest. In fact, on the research paths paved by the theories of polyphony (Ducrot, 1984(Ducrot, , 2001, dialogism (Bakhtin, 1981(Bakhtin, , 1982 and argumentative semantics (Carel, 2011;Carel & Ducrot, 2005;Ducrot, 2004), the dialogic approach to argumentation and polyphony (Caldiz, 2019;García Negroni, 2017, 2018, 2021García Negroni & Hall, 2020, 2022García Negroni & Libenson, 2020a, 2020b, 2020c, 2021Zucchi, 2020), within which this study is framed, advocates a non-truth-value and non-referential characterisation of meaning (i.e., there is no meaning component that can actually be considered purely objective). Furthermore, this perspective drifts from the principle of the uniqueness of an intentional subject in discourse (i.e., the subjective points of view posed in a given utterance cannot necessarily be attributed to the same discursive being) while also focusing on the functioning of signs in the language system and in discourse.…”

“…I will delve into what I have described as quotative evidential points of view (García Negroni, 2018, 2021 and into how such viewpoints are displayed in instances of metadiscursive negation. All the cases analysed here belong to a corpus collected from a series of speeches delivered by different Argentine political figures: Juan Domingo Perón (three times President of Argentina: 1946Argentina: -1952Argentina: , 1952Argentina: -1955Argentina: and 1973Argentina: -1974, Cristina Fernández de Kirchner (twice President of Argentina: 2007Argentina: -2011Argentina: and 2011Argentina: -2015 and Julio Cobos (Vice President of Argentina from 2007 to 2011, during Cristina Kirchner's first administration).…”