Tigecycline: pharmacological concerns and resistance

Paudel, Raju; Nepal, Hari Prasad

doi:10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20203151

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It is administered as an intravenous infusion for a duration of about 30-60 min every 12 h. The recommended initial dose of tigecycline is 100 mg followed by 50 mg every 12 h and the duration of treatment with tigecycline for cSSTIs or cIAIs and CAP is 5-14 and 7-14 days, respectively (Table 2) [39,40]. As the tetracyclines tigecycline also exhibits the same adverse events such as gastrointestinal symptoms commonly nausea, vomiting, anorexia, and other rare events including injection site irritation, pain, and swelling [41,42]. It is to be noted that tigecycline has no approved indication for the treatment of diabetic foot infection or for hospital-acquired or ventilatorassociated pneumonia, in which a high rate of mortality is reported [39].…”

Section: Tigecyclinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The US FDA has already warned that there is an increased risk of death resulting from complications of infection, worsening infections, or other underlying medical conditions when intravenous tigecycline is used for approved and non-approved uses. Presently, tigecycline is a reserve antibiotic for use in situations when alternative antibiotic therapies are not appropriate [39,41,43]. Importantly, advice and concordance between health care professionals, patients, and their caregivers are highly essential for using tigecycline in such situations.…”

Section: Tigecyclinementioning

confidence: 99%

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Emergence of Third Generation Tetracyclines: New Magic Bullets to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance in the Post-antibiotic Era

Jetty,

Gaddam,

Padi

2023

AJRID

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Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum antibiotics effective against a wide variety of microorganisms including bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative, mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, chlamydiae, and protozoan parasites. Owing to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and inexpensiveness, tetracyclines have been used extensively in both human and animal infections and in animal feed as growth promoters. Owing to this, the global prevalence of antibiotic resistance, particularly of tetracyclines, for Gram-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Streptococcus pneumoniae and Gram-negative extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species is high. Indeed, the acquisition of tetracycline-specific resistance genes, mutations within the ribosomal binding site, and/or chromosomal mutations lead to both class-specific and intrinsic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms. As drug resistance increases globally, rendering diseases difficult to manage and eventually to mortality, antibiotics are becoming progressively less effective. Therefore, the discovery and development of novel antibiotics with appropriate indications is of the utmost importance. Among all antibiotics, the tetracyclines have acquired much attention due to the optimization of their chemical structures that paved the way to develop and introduce modern tetracyclines, referred to as third generation, namely tigecycline in the recent past, followed by omadacycline, eravacycline, and sarecycline very recently. Intriguingly, these novel tetracyclines are unique in two ways, first, these are highly effective against pathogens that acquired tetracycline-class resistance, and second, these agents exhibit either narrow or broad spectrum of in vitro activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, anaerobic, and atypical pathogens, including many drug-resistant strains lead to approval for limited use and unique indications. These beneficial effects represent a new era in the rational use of newer tetracyclines, the new magic bullets to tackle AMR in the post-antibiotic era. The present review focuses on third-generation tetracyclines emphasizing their safety, efficacy, and therapeutic choices in various clinical conditions of in-patient and out-patient settings.

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Section: Tigecyclinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tigecyclinementioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of Third Generation Tetracyclines: New Magic Bullets to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance in the Post-antibiotic Era

Jetty,

Gaddam,

Padi

2023

AJRID

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“…According to a study, latin America has 40% resistance, Europe & North America has 13%-15% resistance, Singapore has 50% re- This drug was proven effective against MDR A. baumnaii [81,82].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Emergence of Multidrug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogen- Acinetobacter Baumannii

Trivedi

2022

CJMI

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Acinetobacter baumannii is gram negative, coccobacillus which is ubiquitous in hospital environments. In 1911, Martinis Willem Bergerinck, a Dutch Microbiologist discovered a gram negative, oxidase negative, non-fermentative organism named Micrococcus calcoaceticus from soil on a calcium acetate mineral medium, later on known to be in genus Acinetobacter [1,2]. In 1968 Baumann et al. [3] published comprehensive study on different organisms comprising a single genus, and then the genus Acinetobacter was widely accepted [3]. In late 1970s, Acinetobacter began to be recognized as a nosocomial pathogen [4]. In 1986, Bouvet and Grimont used DNA-DNA hybridization methods to propose 4 new species of Acinetobacter, including Acinetobacter baumannii. According to Wong Acinetobacter baumannii has the ability to persist longer on dry surfaces under nutrient limiting conditions. They have observed that under such conditions the cell wall becomes thicker making it more persistence. This results into rapid transmission in hospitals and other natural environmental [5]. Certain outbreaks studies have revealed that few colonies of strains of Acinetobacter baumannii can remain viable for certain months to years on solid surfaces especially nosocomial surfaces [6]. Acinetobacter baumannii are known as "Iraqibacter" as it was found present in wound infections in soldiers returned from Iraq and Afghanistan. A. baumannii has gained attention in last few years because of its multidrug resistance properties which make its potential nosocomial pathogen [1]. Here a comprehensive review is prepared to summaries recent information and development related to A. baumannii. It has given special emphasized on infections, risk factors, pathogenesis, genetic aspects for virulence and mechanism of antibiotic resistance. Prevalence of A. Baumannii in various diseasesAs described earlier, A. baumannii infections has more prevalence in the patients who are hospitalized due to critical illness, who has serious underlying diseases, who were subjected to invasive and surgical procedures and who were treated with broad spectrum antibiotics for longer duration [7]. It is seen that most of A. baumannii infections involve fluid rich organ systems such as urinary tract, respiratory tract and peritoneal cavity. The most common infections are pneumonia, urinary tract infection, meningitis and trauma. A. baumannii can cause Crimson PublishersWings to the Research

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Tigecycline: pharmacological concerns and resistance

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

Emergence of Third Generation Tetracyclines: New Magic Bullets to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance in the Post-antibiotic Era

Emergence of Third Generation Tetracyclines: New Magic Bullets to Tackle Antibiotic Resistance in the Post-antibiotic Era

An Emergence of Multidrug Resistant Nosocomial Pathogen- Acinetobacter Baumannii

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