Tight Junction in the Intestinal Epithelium: Its Association with Diseases and Regulation by Phytochemicals

Lee, Bonggi; Moon, Kyoung Mi; Kim, Choon Young

doi:10.1155/2018/2645465

Cited by 291 publications

(261 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Tight junction proteins play an integral role in maintaining cell polarity and paracellular transports, and also act as a physical barrier against pathogens and harmful molecules providing pro-tection to the body against inflammation or infections. 36 TNF-a causes intestinal tight junction permeability through NF-jB activation, simultaneous downregulation and alteration of localization of ZO-1 proteins. 37 Furthermore, an increase in LPS levels causes changes in tight junction proteins and alters the permeability of the intestine, which increases systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perilla Oil Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation in the Colon of Mice by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation

Thomas

Cha

Kim

2020

Journal of Medicinal Food

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This study aimed to evaluate the effect of perilla oil (PO) on high-fat diet (HD)-induced colonic inflammation. Male C57BL/6J mice (5 weeks old) were divided into four groups: normal diet, HD, HD supplemented with fish oil (FO), and HD supplemented with PO, and were fed experimental diets for 16 weeks. PO significantly ameliorated (P < .05) the HD-induced colon inflammation as indicated by the increased colon length and low macroscopic score. PO increased the number of Bifidobacteria and reduced the number of Enterobacteriaceae, which in turn resulted in the lowering of endotoxin levels. Proinflammatory cytokines in serum and colon such as interleukin (IL)-1b, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-a were also decreased by PO treatment. In addition, PO suppressed the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and inducible nitric oxide, and inhibited the activation of nuclear factor-jB in the colon while increasing the expression of the tight junction protein, Zonula occludens-1. The gene expression of GPR120, a membrane receptor activated by omega-3 fatty acids, was increased in the oiltreated groups. Altogether, PO improved HD-induced colon inflammatory conditions, and the effects were similar to those of FO, confirming that PO is a potential omega-3 fatty acid source for dietary supplements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perilla Oil Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation in the Colon of Mice by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation

Thomas

Cha

Kim

2020

Journal of Medicinal Food

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“…The integrity of the intestinal barrier is maintained by tight junction (TJ) proteins [12]. Maintenance of these cellular structures are essential for the protection of bacterial translocation and leakage of pro-inflammatory compounds from the gut [13,14]. A dysfunctional intestinal barrier is associated with obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyphenol Extracts from Three Colombian Passifloras (Passion Fruits) Prevent Inflammation-Induced Barrier Dysfunction of Caco-2 Cells

et al. 2019

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Chronic intestinal inflammation is associated with pathophysiology of obesity and inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastrointestinal inflammation increases barrier dysfunction exacerbating the immune response and perpetuating chronic inflammation. Anti-inflammatory flavonoids may prevent this intestinal barrier dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polyphenol composition of Colombian Passiflora edulis var. Flavicarpa (Maracuyá), Passiflora edulis var. Sims (Gulupa), and Passiflora ligularis var. Juss (Granadilla) (passion fruits) and to evaluate their ability to inhibit disruption of intestinal barrier dysfunction of Caco-2 (colorectal adenocarcinoma) cells by an inflammatory cocktail (IC). Polyphenols (flavan-3-ols, phenolic acids, flavonols), xanthenes, and a terpene were identified in passion fruits. Cyanidin 3-rutinoside, (+)-catechin and ferulic acid were the most abundant phenolics in P. edulis var. Flavicarpa, P. edulis var. Sims, and P. ligularis var. Juss, respectively. Fruit extracts prevented loss of transepithelial electrical resistance in Caco-2 cells treated with the IC. Among the extracts, P. ligularis var. Juss was most effective at maintaining Caco-2 transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) with ~73% relative to the IC-treated cells with about 43% of initial TEER values. This fruit had cyanidin-3-rutinoside, (+)-catechin, (−)-epicatechin, and ferulic acid in its phenolic profile. Results of this work support the hypothesis that consumption of passion fruit extracts could benefit intestinal health.

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“…The expression of Claudin-1 and zona occludens-1 (ZO-1), types of tight junction proteins in the intestine, were measured using immunohistochemistry (IHC) [ 36 ]. The intestinal tissue was sliced into 4-µm thick sections, and they were deparaffinized in xylene, rehydrated in graded alcohol, and transferred to 0.01 M phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; pH 7.4).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Opuntia humifusa on a Murine Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Seong

Lee

et al. 2020

Nutrients

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The administration of a combination of probiotics and prebiotics is expected to be a promising strategy for improving irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a synbiotic containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Opuntia humifusa extract for symptomatic improvement of IBS in a murine model and to evaluate the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of this synbiotic. A total of 20 male Wistar rats aged 8 weeks with IBS induced by restraint stress were assigned into four groups and administered L. paracasei as a probiotic and O. humifusa extract as a prebiotic for 4 weeks. The primary outcome was stool consistency at week 4. To evaluate the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of the synbiotic, fecal microbial analysis was conducted, and the serum corticosterone levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the colon tissue, and expression of tight junction proteins were investigated. All three treatment groups showed significantly lower scores for stool consistency than the control group at week 4 (all p < 0.001). When compared with the control group, the synbiotic groups showed a significantly greater abundance of L. paracasei in fecal microbial analysis, lower serum corticosterone levels, lower TNF-α levels in the colon tissue, and higher expression of tight junction proteins. This novel synbiotic containing L. paracasei and O. humifusa extract can improve the stool consistency in a murine model of IBS. It may be a promising treatment option for IBS, and human studies are warranted.

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Tight Junction in the Intestinal Epithelium: Its Association with Diseases and Regulation by Phytochemicals

Cited by 291 publications

References 70 publications

Perilla Oil Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation in the Colon of Mice by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation

Perilla Oil Alleviates High-Fat Diet-Induced Inflammation in the Colon of Mice by Suppressing Nuclear Factor-Kappa B Activation

Polyphenol Extracts from Three Colombian Passifloras (Passion Fruits) Prevent Inflammation-Induced Barrier Dysfunction of Caco-2 Cells

Effect of a Synbiotic Containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Opuntia humifusa on a Murine Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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