TIHOO: An Enhanced Hybrid Routing Protocol in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

Abstract

Recently, vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is greatly considered by many service providers in urban environments. These networks can not only improve road safety and prevent accidents, but also provide a means of entertainment for passengers. However, according to recent studies, efficient routing has still remained as a big open issue in VANETs. In other words, broadcast storm can considerably degrade the routing performance. To address this problem, this research proposes TIHOO, an enhanced intelligent hybrid routing protocol based on improved fuzzy and cuckoo approaches to find the most stable path between a source and a destination node. In TIHOO, the route discovery phase is limited intelligently using the fuzzy logic system and, by limiting the route request messages, the imposed extra overhead can be efficiently controlled. Moreover, in figure of an intelligent hybrid approach, the improved cuckoo algorithm, which is one of the most effective meta-algorithms especially in the large search space, intelligently selects the most stable and optimal route among known routes by calculating an enhanced fitness function. The simulation results using NS2 tool demonstrate that TIHOO considerably improves network throughput, routing overhead, packet delivery ratio, packet loss ratio, and end-to-end delay compared to similar routing protocols.

Adaptive Congestion Prediction in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) using Type-2 Fuzzy Model to Establish Reliable Routes

“…The performance of ACARP protocol is measured in five performance metrics such as average throughput, communication delay (latency), PDR, communication overhead, and CO2 emission. These parameters are evaluated compared to two recent fuzzy-logic based route discovery and congestion aware routing methods for VANETS such as TIHOO [34] and FBVANET [35]. The main reasons for selecting these two protocols for comparative study are (1) recently proposed protocols for VANET, (2) congest-aware routing, (3) fuzzy-logic approach to discover the reliable routes by detecting the congestions.…”

“…The re-routing process is not adaptive and time-consuming with such an approach. The TIHOO routing solution was proposed in [34] for VANET using the cuckoo and improved fuzzy algorithms to address the problems of discovering stable and congestion-free paths. They used the vehicle speed, its moving direction, and geographical distance from the destination node as an input to the fuzzy logic system.…”

“…The properties like high message rates, unreliable channel quality, and severe mobility lead to a significant problem for VANETs routing. The congestion control protocols [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] were designed to make sure the reliable transmission of security messages in V2V communications. However, adaptive congestion prediction and its utilization during the route discovery are missing in all works.…”

Fuzzy logic-based VANET routing method to increase the QoS by considering the dynamic nature of vehicles

“…But, they have not considered the link quality factor, which is the most effective parameter to increase the efficiency of routing. In TIHOO [35], the source and other neighbor vehicles are broadcasting the limited number of Route Request Packet (RREQ) using the concept of fuzzy logic. This minimizes the number of extra packets other than the actual data packet during the data communication.…”

Stabilized Clustering Enabled V2V Communication in an NDN-SDVN Environment for Content Retrieval

“…Hence, the ANN must be operated continuously, and a small change in the path leads to increased packet drop. A hybrid intelligent routing method was designed by combining an improved fuzzy and cuckoo approach [41]. Based on the fitness function, the optimal route was chosen.…”