Tilapia Lake Virus was not detected in non‐tilapine species within tilapia polyculture systems of Bangladesh

Debnath, Partho Pratim; Dinh-Hung, Nguyen; Taengphu, Suwimon; Nguyen, Vuong Viet; Delamare-Deboutteville, J.; Senapin, Saengchan; Mohan, C. V.; Dong, Ha Thanh; Rodkhum, Channarong

doi:10.1111/jfd.13537

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Our study revealed the presence of TiLV in both fish and environmental water samples from the same farm, which clustered together in Clade E1. Our approach, combining the previously reported water sample concentration method (Taengphu et al, 2022) with a multiplex RT-PCR amplicon-based Nanopore sequencing strategy, allowed for direct recovery of TiLV genomes from water samples. This innovative method has significant implications for environmental monitoring, as it eliminates the need for sacrificing fish for genomic analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tilapia lake virus disease (TiLV) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects tilapia, an important and affordable fish protein source produced in aquaculture globally. TiLV has rapidly spread since, now reported in over 16 countries (Debnath et al, 2022), posing a significant threat to tilapia production and the livelihoods of farmers who rely on tilapia farming for income and food security (Hounmanou et al, 2018). To combat the introduction and spread of TiLV and its impacts, increased surveillance, improved biosecurity measures, farming practices and continuous development of effective diagnostic and sequencing methods are urgently needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A multiplexed RT-PCR Assay for Nanopore Whole Genome Sequencing of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)

Delamare-Deboutteville

Meemetta

Gan³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects tilapia, a globally significant and affordable source of fish protein. To combat the introduction and spread of TiLV and its impact, there is an urgent need for increased surveillance, improved biosecurity measures, and continuous development of effective diagnostic and sequencing methods. In this study, we have developed a multiplexed RT-PCR assay that can amplify all ten complete genomic segments of TiLV from various sources of isolation. The amplicons generated using this approach are immediately compatible with real-time sequencing on the Nanopore system. By using this approach, we have recovered and assembled 13 TiLV genomes from total RNA extracted from naturally TiLV-infected tilapia fish, concentrated tilapia rearing water, and other isolation sources. Our phylogenetic analysis, consisting of more than 36 TiLV genomes from both newly sequenced and publicly available TiLV genomes, provides new insights into the high phylogenetic diversity of TiLV from Thailand, suggesting multiple genetic origins. This work is an essential stepping stone towards integrating rapid and real-time Nanopore-based amplicon sequencing into routine genomic surveillance of TiLV, as well as future vaccine development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiplexed RT-PCR Assay for Nanopore Whole Genome Sequencing of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)

Delamare-Deboutteville

Meemetta

Gan³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…The outbreaks of tilapia lake virus (TiLV), or Tilapinevirus tilapiae, have caused significant morbidity and mortality among the tilapia population in many countries, leading to economic and social impacts on farmers who rely on tilapia aquaculture [1][2][3]. TiLV is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is currently classified under the family Amnoonviridae [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Modulation of Immune Responses in Tilapinevirus tilapiae-Infected Fish Cells through MAPK/ERK Signalling

Lertwanakarn

Khemthong

Tattiyapong

et al. 2023

Viruses

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a novel RNA virus that has been causing substantial economic losses across the global tilapia industry. Despite extensive research on potential vaccines and disease control methods, the understanding of this viral infection and the associated host cell responses remains incomplete. In this study, the involvement of the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway in the early stages of TiLV infection was investigated. The results showed a distinct pattern of ERK phosphorylation (p-ERK) upon TiLV infection in two fish cell lines, E-11 and TiB. Specifically, the p-ERK levels in the TiB cells decreased substantially, while the p-ERK levels in the E-11 cells remained constant. Interestingly, a large number of cytopathic effects were observed in the infected E-11 cells but none in the infected TiB cells. Furthermore, when p-ERK was suppressed using the inhibitor PD0325901, a significant reduction in the TiLV load and decrease in the mx and rsad2 gene expression levels were observed in the TiB cells in days 1–7 following infection. These findings highlight the role of the MAPK/ERK signalling pathway and provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms during TiLV infection that could be useful in developing new strategies to control this virus.

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“…This data suggests that tilapia play a significant role in disease transmission to co-cultivated species, which may be a major concern for the polyculture farm if it continues to stock tilapia with other species. However, in the instance of TiLV, co-cultivated polyculture species were shown to be TiLVresistant in both field and Challenge experiments (Debnath et. Al., 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and distribution of Tilapia lake virus in fish polyculture system in Bangladesh

Debnath

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Tilapia is the world's second most important farmed fish species, following carp. Bangladesh is the world's fourth-largest tilapia producer and has largely adopted fish polyculture. Few research on factors associated with mortality and economic losses following such deaths have been undertaken in Bangladesh due of its perceived hardiness. Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is an emerging pathogen in aquaculture, reportedly affecting farmed tilapia in 16 countries across multiple continents. Following an early warning in 2017 that TiLV could be widespread, we surveyed 565 tilapia farms in 15 of Bangladesh's most important tilapia-producing districts using online tilapia epidemiology and health economics survey tool, followed by a surveillance program on tilapia grow-out farms and hatcheries in 10 districts of Bangladesh in 2017 and 2019. Furthermore, several unusual mortalities observed in species co-cultivated with TiLV-infected tilapia prompted us to examine whether any of the co-cultivated species would test positive for TiLV and whether they were susceptible to TiLV infection in controlled laboratory experiments. The survey examined a range of factors, including geographical factors, farmer characteristics, farm characteristics, stocking factors, biosecurity measures, and baseline and unusual mortality levels and characteristics. A total of 18.2 % of farms reported having experienced unusual mortality, with an average mortality level of 23.2 %. Farm size, baseline mortality level, farmer concern about baseline mortality, and antibiotic treatment were all significantly associated with increased odds of reporting unusual mortality in a multivariable model. Similarly, in basic statistics, farming region, water source, dead fish removal frequency, and antibiotic treatment were all found to be significantly associated with the level of unusual mortality, where water source and dead fish removal frequency remained significant in the multivariable model. Based on the baseline and unusual mortality in tilapia, a total hidden loss of 875.7 million USD was estimated. Considering this unusual mortality, biological sampling was done through�surveillance study where eight out of 11 farms tested positive for TiLV in 2017, and two out of seven tested positive in 2019. Investigation of asymptomatic broodstock collected from 16 tilapia hatcheries revealed that six hatcheries tested positive for TiLV. Test result was confirmed through histopathology as an alternate method. We recovered three complete genomes of TiLV from infected fish, one from 2017 and two from 2019. Phylogenetic analyses based on both the concatenated coding sequences of 10 segments and only segment 1 consistently revealed that Bangladeshi TiLV isolates formed a unique cluster within Thai clade, suggesting a close genetic relation. Additionally, using 183 samples obtained from 15 polyculture farms in six districts across Bangladesh, we determined that 20% of the farms tested positive for TiLV in tilapia, while 15 co-cultivated fish species and seven other invertebrates (e.g., insects and crustaceans) were considered potential carriers all tested negative. Of the six representative fish species experimentally infected with TiLV, only Nile tilapia showed the typical clinical signs of the disease, with 70% mortality within 12 days. By contrast, four carp species and one catfish species challenged with TiLV showed no signs of TiLV infection. Challenged tilapia were confirmed as TiLV-positive by RT-qPCR, while challenged carp and walking catfish all tested negative. Overall, our field and laboratory findings indicate that species used in polycultures are not susceptible to TiLV. To reduce the nationwide spread and severity of TiLV infection, we propose that TiLV-targeted surveillance activities continue to detect contaminated sources. Although current evidence suggests that TiLV is likely host-specific to tilapia, targeted surveillance for TiLV in other fish species in polyculture systems should continue, in order to prepare for a possible future scenario where TiLV mutates and/or adapts to the new host(s).

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Tilapia Lake Virus was not detected in non‐tilapine species within tilapia polyculture systems of Bangladesh

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creat ive Commo ns Attri butio n-NonCo mmerc ial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

A multiplexed RT-PCR Assay for Nanopore Whole Genome Sequencing of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)

A multiplexed RT-PCR Assay for Nanopore Whole Genome Sequencing of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV)

The Modulation of Immune Responses in Tilapinevirus tilapiae-Infected Fish Cells through MAPK/ERK Signalling

Genetic diversity and distribution of Tilapia lake virus in fish polyculture system in Bangladesh

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