“…The Video Quality Metric (VQM) software tools [93] developed by the Institute for Telecommunication Services (ITS), the research and engineering branch of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA), provide standardized (for digital cable TV applications) as well as non-standardized (expanded) methods to measure the perceived video quality of digital video systems. The expanded methods can be used to measure the perceived video quality for various video applications, including direct broadcast satellites (DBS), standard definition television (SDTV), high definition television (HDTV), video teleconferencing (VTC), and wireless or IP-based video streaming systems [94].…”