Tillage and seed depth effects on velvetleaf (<i>Abutilon theophrasti</i>) emergence

Webster, Theodore M.; Cardina, John; Norquay, Heather M.

doi:10.1017/s0043174500090202

Cited by 22 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Others have found that while weed seedling emergence decreased with greater depth in the soil profile, it increased with shallow burial (Wicks et al 1971;Mohler and Galford 1997;Ghorbani et al 1999). Webster et al (1998) determined that cumulative emergence of velvetleaf decreased with greater soil depth in a no-tillage environment, whereas its emergence was not influenced by depth in a tilled system. The emergence rate of weeds, in addition to emergence percentages, also decreases with increasing depth of burial in the soil (Cussans et al 1996;Vleeshouwers 1997).…”

Section: Recruitment Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling

2012

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Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 627Á650. A weed seedling recruitment microsite is the location of a weed seed in the soil profile which affects germination, time of emergence and seedling establishment. The relationship between the recruitment of seedlings and their physical environment, including microclimate, soil, topography, and residue cover can provide the key to understanding the timing of seedling recruitment. The variability that exists in germination and establishment requirements within and among weed species raises important questions for recruitment research addressing multiple species, as well as regional models of genetic variability within species. Current weed recruitment research focuses mainly on summer annual species in annual cropping systems. However, with changes in cropping systems, climate, and weed biology, there will be an increasing demand for the management of both summer and winter annual weeds that develop very early in the spring. Many studies to date take an average of microsite conditions, particularly for soil depth, to describe the seedling recruitment zone. Whereas this practice of under-sampling expedites lengthy and difficult soil environmental measurements, it limits the description of the microsite for predictive purposes. Because soil disturbance disperses seeds to microsites throughout the vertical profile of the shallow seedling recruitment zone, seeds are subjected to gradients of temperature and water that create diverse microsites with depth in the recruitment zone. Research on the interactions of microclimate, field topography, soil properties and agronomic practices can further our knowledge base of the seedling recruitment microsite to better understand weed ecology and population dynamics generally, as well as enhance our ability to predict seedling recruitment specifically.Bullied, W. J., Van Acker, R. C. et Bullock, P. R. 2012. Parame`tres des microsites qui influent le recrutement des plantules de mauvaises herbes et implications pour la mode´lisation du recrutement. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 627Á650. Par microsite de recrutement des plantules de mauvaises herbes, on entend l'endroit ou`la graine de mauvaise herbe se trouve dans le profil de sol. Cet emplacement affecte la germination, le moment de la leve´e et l'e´tablissement de la plantule. Les liens entre le recrutement des plantules et le lieu physique de ces dernie`res, notamment le microclimat, le sol, la topographie et la couverture de re´sidus pourraient nous aider a`comprendre quand il y a recrutement. La variabilite´des contraintes associe´es a`la germination et a`l'e´tablissement des plantules qu'on observe au sein d'une espe`ce et entre les espe`ces de mauvaises herbes soule`ve d'importantes questions pour la recherche sur le recrutement qui porte sur de nombreuses espe`ces d'adventices ainsi que pour les mode`les re´gionaux illustrant la variabilite´ge´ne´tique d'une espe`ce. La recherche actuel...

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Section: Recruitment Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling

2012

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“…In addition, research has been conducted to characterize how tillage systems affect seedling emergence patterns (Dyer 1995;Mulugeta and Stoltenberg 1997;Webster et al 1998;Yenish et al 1992). In most cases, the approach followed by many researchers was to study one biotype or population of a given species or to determine the germination response of the weed seeds to soil temperature and moisture without considering the level of soil disturbance and extrapolate the results to other populations and biotypes or to different tillage systems Forcella et al 2000;.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage systems and seed dormancy effects on common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) seedling emergence

León¹,

Owen

2006

Weed Science

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Understanding weed seedling emergence patterns is important for successful implementation of many weed management strategies. Identifying the sources of variation of emergence patterns could greatly improve our ability to predict emergence timing. Differences in seed dormancy levels between populations or biotypes are usually not considered when studying seedling emergence of many weed species despite evidence that dormancy levels can affect weed seedling emergence patterns. We studied the importance of seed dormancy on seedling emergence patterns of common waterhemp using three biotypes (Ames, Everly, and Ohio) that differed in dormancy regulation and level (5, 26, and 87% germination, respectively) and three tillage systems (no-tillage, chisel plow, and moldboard plow) in 2004 and 2005. Seedling emergence was at least four times greater under no-tillage than under chisel or moldboard plow conditions. Fewer seedlings emerged in moldboard plow than in other tillage systems. Furthermore, seedling emergence occurred in no-tillage over a longer period than in chisel and moldboard plow. In no-tillage the largest emergence events occurred at the end of June, whereas in other tillage systems most emergence occurred during May and the first week of June. Among biotypes, differences in number of emerged seedlings were more evident than differences in emergence timing. For Everly and Ohio biotypes, the number of emerged seedlings was the same between chisel and moldboard plow plots. For the Ames biotype, in 2004, the number of emerged seedlings was 25-fold higher in chisel plow than in moldboard plow, and the emergence pattern in no-tillage was longer and peaked later than in the other tillage systems. However, these results were not observed in 2005. Overall, we did not observe consistent differences in seedling emergence patterns among biotypes, which suggested that under field conditions, other factors can compensate for differences in seed dormancy levels.

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“…Moreover, the accumulation of GDDs was a reliable predictor of the basic development stages of the weed, as it quite closely agreed with the field observations. Attempts to use GDD alone in models that would be generally applicable had mixed success in providing the level of accuracy needed for useful predictions of weed emergence (Webster et al 1998). On the other hand, meteorological variables (mostly temperature and soil moisture) to predict the probability of emergence have been used by other empirical models (Grundy & Mead 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenological development of natural populations of European field pansy (Viola arvensis) in a semi‐arid Mediterranean environment

Damalas

Koutroubas

Fotiadis

2018

Plant Species Biology

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The phenological stages, dry matter allocation and relative growth rate (RGR) of natural populations of European field pansy (Viola arvensis) were studied under field conditions for 3 years. The species exhibited an annual life cycle of 78–100 calendar days, depending on the growing season. The life cycle was initiated in early spring and ended by early summer, with an average accumulation of 1100 growing degree days. The initiation of emergence occurred in early spring at a range of maximum air temperatures between 15 and 20°C, coupled with a range of minimum air temperatures between 5 and 10°C. With increasing temperatures in mid‐spring, there was a rapid transition to the reproductive stage. Time to flowering was shortened considerably in the warm growing season. After flowering, the species appeared to allocate a relatively large proportion of biomass to the reproductive parts than dry matter allocation to the vegetative parts during juvenile stages. The maximum value of RGR was observed in the vegetative stage, whereas RGR values decreased sharply with plant age. Overall, the species showed a short life cycle and a reproductive strategy that directs resources to reproductive rather than vegetative output, thus increasing the likelihood of persistence in systematically disturbed environments that are characterized by limited growth time as a result of major events in the field, such as mechanical cultivation or herbicide application.

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Tillage and seed depth effects on velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) emergence

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling

Review: Microsite characteristics influencing weed seedling recruitment and implications for recruitment modeling

Tillage systems and seed dormancy effects on common waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) seedling emergence

Phenological development of natural populations of European field pansy (Viola arvensis) in a semi‐arid Mediterranean environment

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