Tillage and Soybean Canopy Effects on Common Cocklebur (<i>Xanthium strumarium</i>) Emergence

Norsworthy, Jason K.; Oliveira, Marcos José de

doi:10.1614/ws-07-003.1

Cited by 17 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Conservation agriculture (CA) is being promoted globally as a farming system that can address many of those concerns and increase the overall economic productivity of mechanised agriculture (Norsworthy and Oleivera 2007;Hobbs et al 2008;Sanyal et al 2008). This is in direct contrast to sub Saharan Africa where CA is promoted as a potential solution to the production problems faced by small holder farming families in their quest to attain household food security (Haggblade and Tembo 2003;Mazvimavi and Twomlow 2009;Rockstrom et al 2009;Twomlow et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed seed bank response to tillage and residue management in semi-arid Zimbabwe

Mandumbu

Twomlow²,

Jowah

et al. 2012

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection

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The influence of conservation agriculture (CA) on weed ecology has been a concern to many researchers across the world and is the focus of this study in southern Africa. An experiment to look at the impacts of various tillage systems with different levels of crop residue on maize (Zea mays L.) was established in 2004/2005 season. The experiment was carried out at the International Crop Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Matopos Research Station, Zimbabwe. Three main tillage systems were compared, ripping tillage (RT), planting basins (PB) and conventional tillage (CT), with three different crop residue levels: 0, 4 and 8 tons ha 71 . In 2007 soil samples were collected in the inter-row and in-row positions prior to tillage at 0-50 mm, 50-100 mm and 100-200 mm depths. The objective was to determine the effect of the treatment factors on weed seed bank species after three cropping cycles using the germination method. Nine major weed species were identified, with all the weeds unaffected by either tillage or mulching level. Eleusine indica, Corchorus tridens and Setaria species were the dominant weed species across all treatments. Setaria spp. was the dominant weed in the inter-row position of ripped plots. Although there was no significant individual treatment effect, there were significant (p 5 0.05) interactions, with CT having reduced seed banks of Setaria spp. and E. indica compared to RT and PB. Percentage increases point to E. indica and Setaria spp. increasing under PB and RT compared to CT. C. tridens was significantly higher in PB compared to RT and CT in the 0-50 mm depth in the in-row position. This study probably coincided with the transition period in the weed bank succession process and needs to be repeated at a later date in the rotation. The majority of the weed species were not affected by any of the treatment combinations, a response attributed to plasticity of weeds to the tillage and residue level selection pressure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weed seed bank response to tillage and residue management in semi-arid Zimbabwe

Mandumbu

Twomlow²,

Jowah

et al. 2012

Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection

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“…The type of weed species and weed seedling density are strongly influenced by the tillage regime implemented. Norsworthy and Oliveira () found that spring tillage increased the emergence of Xanthium strumarium L. (common cocklebur) while having little influence on Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats (Palmer amaranth). Additionally, Bullied et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tillage can be very effective in reducing weed populations, as it can affect the viability of weed seeds and their subsequent distribution in the soil (Norsworthy & Oliveira, 2007). An appropriate tillage method and timing can destroy many weed seedlings early in their life cycle, thus reducing competition with crops for nutrients, light and water (Blackshaw et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of weed species and weed seedling density are strongly influenced by the tillage regime implemented. Norsworthy and Oliveira (2007) found that spring tillage increased the emergence of Xanthium strumarium L. (common cocklebur) while having little influence on Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats (Palmer amaranth). Additionally, Bullied et al (2003) observed that in conventional tillage (CT) systems, the emergence of weed species such as Chenopodium album L. (common lambsquarters), Thlaspi arvense L. (field pennycress), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of different management practices on Portulaca oleracea emergence in soyabean

et al. 2019

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Summary Portulaca oleracea (common purslane) is a summer annual weed with wide geographic distribution and is problematic in many crops worldwide. Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of different management practices on P. oleracea emergence in soyabean fields. Two tillage systems [conventional tillage (CT) and no‐till (NT)], three soyabean seeding rates (SR) (200 000, 300 000 and 400 000 seeds ha−1) and three imazethapyr doses (0, 50, and 100 g a.i. ha−1 applied pre‐emergence) were considered as experimental factors. Portulaca oleracea emergence was affected by management practices including tillage system, soyabean SR and imazethapyr dose. Conventional tillage required a thermal time (TT) of 195.95 and 221.30 d °C to reach 50% emergence in 2016 and 2017, respectively, while for NT, the respective TT requirements were 182.34 and 203.32 d °C. On increasing soyabean SR from 200 000 to 400 000 seeds ha−1, the TT requirements for 50% emergence (T50) of P. oleracea also increased. The T50 at the herbicide dose of 100 g a.i. ha−1 was 193.05 and 220.67 d °C in 2016 and 2017, respectively, while for the non‐herbicide treatment, the respective TT requirements were 165.98 and 202.94 d °C. From an integrated weed management perspective, a combination of CT with a SR of 400 000 seeds ha−1 and a 100 g a.i. ha−1 imazethapyr dose not only resulted in the lowest P. oleracea seedling density m−2 but also caused the longest delay in the time to reach the T50. Findings from our study may facilitate the development of effective P. oleracea management strategies.

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“…Senna obtusifolia (Sicklepod) and Xanthium strumarium (common cocklebur) are two of the most important weeds species in row cropping systems of the mid-and southeastern United States (US) [1,2] as they have the potential to become major weeds of many crops, including soybean, cotton, and maize in short time periods [3]. In addition, these species can invade and dominate pastures, roadsides, fence lines, creek banks, and other disturbed areas [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Simulated Tillage in Combination with Post-Shattering Temperature Conditions on Senna obtusifolia and Xanthium strumarium Seed Survival, Seedling Emergence and Seedbank Potential

Bararpour

Korres²

2018

Agriculture

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Abstract:Two of the most troublesome weeds in soybean, cotton, and corn in cropping systems of mid-south United States (US) are Senna obtusifolia and Xanthium strumarium. Understanding their population dynamics, particularly weed seedling emergence patterns, is important for the timely implementation and the success of weed management strategies. Identifying the sources of variation of emergence patterns could greatly improve our ability to predict emergence timing. A three-years field study was conducted to determine the effect of environmental conditions on S. obtusifolia and X. strumarium seedling emergence and seedbank potential. The experiment was conducted with two seed sources; X. strumarium burs and S. obtusifolia seeds from a single maternal plant source, and X. strumarium burs and S. obtusifolia seeds from multiple maternal plant sources, both being exposed either to 5 cm burial depth (buried) or left on the soil surface (soil surface) in the fallow or planted in spring after their storage under chilled (chill) or room temperature (no chill) conditions. X. strumarium and S. obtusifolia seedling emergence was lower from burs and seeds that were planted in the soil in September as compared with the chill and/or no chill seeds/burs stored for six months. X. strumarium seedling emergence was reduced from 37 to 1% when burs were left on the soil surface when compared to buried burs. S. obtusifolia seedling emergence was reduced from 47 to 13% when seeds were left on the soil surface as compared to buried. At the end of the experimental period, the soil seedbank of X. strumarium had been significantly depleted, whereas the remaining seeds of S. obtusifolia were viable.

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Tillage and Soybean Canopy Effects on Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Emergence

Cited by 17 publications

References 40 publications

Weed seed bank response to tillage and residue management in semi-arid Zimbabwe

Weed seed bank response to tillage and residue management in semi-arid Zimbabwe

Effects of different management practices on Portulaca oleracea emergence in soyabean

Effect of Simulated Tillage in Combination with Post-Shattering Temperature Conditions on Senna obtusifolia and Xanthium strumarium Seed Survival, Seedling Emergence and Seedbank Potential

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