Tillage Management Alters Surface Soil Organic Matter Composition: A Pyrolysis Mass Spectroscopy Study

Sleutel, Steven; Kader, M. Abdul; Leinweber, Peter; D’Haene, Karoline

doi:10.2136/sssaj2006.0400

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…2.2 1.6 3.6 1.6 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.1 (Düring et al, 2002) and, hence, its reactivity, are also affected by tillage (Ding et al, 2002a;Sleutel et al, 2007;Tatzber et al, 2008) and by the nature of crop residues (Ding et al, 2006). In soil organic matter collected under a no-tillage system, Preston et al (1994) found a higher number of reactive functional groups compared with that collected under a conventional tillage system.…”

Section: Organic Carbon Content Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage management effects on pesticide fate in soils. A review

Alletto

Coquet

Benoît

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

167

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-Reducing tillage intensity through the implementation of conservation practices is a way to reach a more sustainable agriculture. Reducing tillage is indeed an efficient way to control soil erosion and to decrease production costs. Nonetheless, the environmental impact of reduced tillage is not well known because conservation techniques may induce strong changes in soil physicochemical properties and biological activity. Knowledge on the fate of applied pesticides under conservation practices is particularly important from this point of view. We review here the advances in the understanding, quantification and prediction of the effects of tillage on pesticide fate in soils. We found the following major points: (1) for most dissipation processes such as retention, degradation and transfer, results of pesticide behaviour studies in soils are highly variable and sometimes contradictory. This variability is partially explained by the multiplicity of processes and contributive factors, by the variety of their interactions, and by their complex temporal and spatial dynamics. In addition, the lack of a thorough description of tillage systems and sampling strategy in most reports hampers any comprehensive interpretation of this variability. (2) Implementation of conservation tillage induces an increase in organic matter content at the soil surface and its gradual decrease with depth. This, in turn, leads to an increase in pesticide retention in the topsoil layer. (3) Increasing retention of pesticides in the topsoil layer under conservation tillage decreases the availability of the pesticides for biological degradation. This competition between retention and degradation leads to a higher persistence of pesticides in soils, though this persistence can be partially compensated for by a more intensive microbial activity under conservation tillage. (4) Despite strong changes in soil physical properties under conservation tillage, pesticide transfer is more influenced by initial soil conditions and climatic conditions than by tillage. Conservation tillage systems such as no-tillage improve macropore connectivity, which in turn increases pesticide leaching. We conclude that more knowledge is needed to fully understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of pesticide in soil, especially preferential flows, in order to improve the assessment of pesticide risks, and their relation to tillage management.

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Section: Organic Carbon Content Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tillage management effects on pesticide fate in soils. A review

Alletto

Coquet

Benoît

et al. 2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

167

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…After this soft ultrasonication, the > 53 lm fraction was removed by wet sieving, and a second ultrasonication at 440 J mL -1 was used to disperse the siltand clay-sized fraction. The probe energy supply was calibrated from the heating of water inside a dewar vessel (Sleutel et al, 2007b). The resulting soil suspension was separated into the clay-and silt-particle-size fractions by gravity sedimentation in water following Stoke's law.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Soil Mineral Matrix And Particle-sizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil‐organic‐matter stability in sandy cropland soils is related to land‐use history

Sleutel

Kader

Begum

2010

Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.

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Sandy cropland soils in NW Europe were found to contain unusually high organic-carbon (OC) levels, and a link with their land-use history has been suggested. This study's aim was to assess the discriminating power of physical and chemical fractionation procedures to yield information on soil-organic-matter (OM) stability for these soils. In relict-and cultivated-heathland soils, much higher proportions of 6% NaOCl treatment-resistant but 10% HF-soluble OC (MOC) and N (32.2% and 29.9%) were measured compared to a set of "permanent"-cropland soils without a history of heathland land use (11.9% and 8.5%). Also, the proportions of 6% NaOCl-and 10% HF treatment-resistant OC and N in the relict and cultivated heathlands (19.2% and 12.0%) were higher than in the permanent-cropland soils (17.7% and 5.7%). Stepwise multiple linearregression yielded a significant relationship between the annual mineralization (g C [100 g OC] -1 ), soil OC (g C kg -1 ) content, and %MOC: Annual mineralization = 4.347 -0.087 soil OC -0.032 %MOC (R 2 = 0.65). Combinations of incubation experiments for quantification of the labile soil OM pool with chemical fractionation may thus yield meaningful data for development of soilorganic-matter models with measurable pools, but their applicability will be limited to specific combinations of former land use with soil, climate, and current management.

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“…After soft ultrasonication at 60 J ml -1 , the [63 lm fraction was removed by wet sieving, and a second ultrasonication at 440 J ml -1 was used to disperse the silt and clay sized fraction. The probe energy supply was calibrated from the heating of water inside a dewar vessel (Sleutel et al 2007). Biogeochemistry (2008) 89:253-271 255 Chemical fractionation of SOM In search for a chemical fractionation procedure to isolate a stable SOM pool for process studies of SOM stabilization, Siregar et al (2005) concluded that threefold sequential 6 h 6% NaOCl treatments at pH 8 was most suitable for selective removal of OM, whilst minimally affecting the mineral soil constituents and hence mineral-associated OM.…”

Section: Study Area Description and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition of organic matter in sandy relict and cultivated heathlands as examined by pyrolysis-field ionization MS

et al. 2008

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Unusually high SOC levels have been reported for sandy cropland soils in North-Western Europe. A potential link with their general heathland land-use history was investigated by comparing two soil pairs of relict heathland and cultivated former heathland in the Belgian sandy region. A sequential chemical fractionation yielded similar sizes in corresponding SOM fractions between the heathland and cropland soils (i.e. NaOCl resistant: 12.3-15.0 g C kg(-1) and NaOCl + HF resistant: 2.6-5.3 g C kg(-1)). Higher amounts of clay sized N in the cropland plots can be attributed to N additions from mineral fertilizers and animal manure. Temperature resolved Pyrolysis Field Ionization Mass Spectroscopy analysis showed that the composition of both relict heathland and cultivated soils was surprisingly similar, in spite of over 60 years of intense cropland management. The mass spectra of SOM in both heathland-cropland soil pairs investigated was dominated by signals from lipids, alkylaromatics and sterols. The accumulation of this SOM rich in aliphatics was logically linked to the high input of lipids, long-chain aliphatics and sterols from heathland vegetation and the low soil pH and microbial activity. Based on the relatively high OC surface loadings of HF-extractable OM (13-44 mg C m(-2) Fe and 1.2-2.3 mg C m(-2) clay), direct organo-mineral bonds between OM and Fe-oxides or clay minerals seem to be only partly involved as a stabilization mechanism in these soils. The distinct bimodal shape of the thermograms indicates that OM-crosslinking could furthermore contribute substantially to SOM stabilization in these soils. This study therefore corroborates the previously proposed view that lipids may be bound in networks of alkylaromatics, the structural building blocks of OM macromolecules. We hypothesize that such binding is able to explain the measured retention of these OM components, even under several decades of cropland management

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Tillage Management Alters Surface Soil Organic Matter Composition: A Pyrolysis Mass Spectroscopy Study

Cited by 30 publications

References 40 publications

Tillage management effects on pesticide fate in soils. A review

Tillage management effects on pesticide fate in soils. A review

Soil‐organic‐matter stability in sandy cropland soils is related to land‐use history

Composition of organic matter in sandy relict and cultivated heathlands as examined by pyrolysis-field ionization MS

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