Tillage regime, row spacing, and seeding rate influence infestations of root maggots (<i>Delia</i> spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in canola

Dosdall, Lloyd M.; Florence, Laura; Conway, P. M.; Cowle, N. T.

doi:10.4141/p98-001

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For example, damage to taproots by larval root maggots ( Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) also declined with increasing seeding rates (Dosdall et al, 1996, 1998), and higher canola seeding rates reduced crop losses from weeds (O'Donovan, 1994; Harker et al, 2003; O'Donovan et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Managing Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Canola with Seeding Date, Plant Density, and Seed Treatment

Dosdall

Stevenson²

2005

Agronomy Journal

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Northern Great Plains of North America. Several advantages have been attributed to seeding canola in fall Fall seeding of canola can increase equipment and manpower effirather than at more conventional times in spring (Kirkciencies for producers, hasten crop maturity, and improve seed quality, but no previous studies have examined effects of this practice on land and Johnson, 2000; Clayton et al., 2004a). Increased infestations of flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelequipment and labor efficiencies result from spreading idae), the major pests of crop seedlings in North America. Field out seeding dates of canola relative to other crops. Crop experiments were conducted at Vegreville, Fort Saskatchewan, and development is advanced, resulting in early maturity Lethbridge, AB, Canada from 1998 through 2000 to determine the and reduced risk of preharvest frost damage and grade effect of fall versus spring seeding of canola (Brassica napus L. and loss. Seeding canola in fall, rather than at more tradi-Brassica rapa L.) on feeding damage by flea beetles. Interactions tional times in mid-May, can increase yields by approxiwith seeding rate and seed treatment on flea beetle damage also were investigated. Flea beetle damage was greater on plants of B. rapa mately 40% and improve seed oil concentrations by 5% than B. napus, on spring-seeded canola than on plants seeded in fall, (Kirkland and Johnson, 2000; Johnston et al., 2002). and on plants that developed from seed treated with Vitavax Single Improvements in yield and quality of fall-seeded canola (containing carboxin) than on plants treated with Vitavax rs (conhave been attributed to the advantages gained from taining carboxin, thiram, and lindane). Mean flea beetle damage per enhanced utilization of early-season soil moisture and plant declined with an increase in seeding rate. Canola seeded in fall the timing of flowering and seed maturation to occur reached 50% flowering about 10 d earlier than plants seeded in April during cooler and moister periods of the growing season and about 20 d before plants seeded in May. Fall-seeded plants matured 5 to 21 d earlier than plants seeded in April and about 10 to (Kirkland and Johnson, 2000;Johnston et al., 2002). 30 d before plants seeded in May. Seeding in fall enabled plants to However, benefits from fall dormant seeding of canola progress beyond the vulnerable cotyledon stage by the time that most have not always been realized. Karamonas et al. (2002) flea beetle injury occurred. Seeding canola in fall, at rates selected reported yields that were 4 to 31% less in fall-seeded to achieve vigorous plant stands, is an important component of an than in spring-seeded canola, and Clayton et al. (2004a) integrated management strategy for flea beetles, with the potential found that 46% lower plant densities associated with for substantially reducing insecticide use in this crop.fall-seeded canola resulted in substantially reduced yields compared with canola seeded in spring.In spite of the potential benefits that ca...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Managing Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Canola with Seeding Date, Plant Density, and Seed Treatment

Dosdall

Stevenson²

2005

Agronomy Journal

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“…Many studies concern the biology of Delia spp. (Dosdall et al, 1996(Dosdall et al, , 1998 and Meligethes aeneus (Nilsson, 1994;Ekbom and Ferdinand, 2003;Cook et al, 2004) but few studies have dealt with the application of such research to integrated pest management, except Cook et al (2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis of limiting factors of organic oilseed rape yield. A survey of farmers’ fields

Valantin‐Morison

2008

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Diagnosis of limiting factors of organic oilseed rape yield. A survey of farmers' fieldsMuriel Valantin-Morison, J.M. Meynard To cite this version: Muriel Valantin-Morison, J.M. Meynard. Diagnosis of limiting factors of organic oilseed rape yield. A survey of farmers' fields. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Springer Verlag/EDP Sci-Abstract -The yield of organic winter oilseed rape (WOSR) crop is low and variable in organic farming, but the reasons responsible for this problem are not clear. Aiming to identify the factors affecting organic oilseed rape yields, we carried out a diagnostic study on a network of 19 farmers' fields in four contrasting regions of France over a two-year period. Weed density and biomass, nitrogen absorption by the crop and by weeds, and nutrient availability in the soil, as well as the occurrence of pests and diseases, were assessed at four developmental stages. A range of possible limiting factors throughout the crop cycle led us to use a regression procedure for different periods, using the yield components during spring and biomass during autumn as dependent variables. We identified factors limiting yield and the critical time points at which they acted, which has never been done. Yield variation was strongly correlated with number of grains.m −2 . Dry biomass of weeds, nitrogen uptake by weeds and density of weeds appeared to explain 39% of variation in crop biomass in early winter, while pollen beetle and rape stem weevil damage explained 4.5% and 12% of variation in the number of flowers.m −2 and the number of branches.m −2 , respectively. Crop nitrogen deficiencies occurring before branching were strongly correlated with weed biomass in flowering. Analysis of covariance showed that sowing date, soil management and the quantity of organic manure application may have significantly affected the nitrogen nutrition index, nitrogen uptake by plants and ratio of weed biomass: a late sowing date and shallow soil tillage were related to a low crop nitrogen nutrition index and high ratio of weed biomass. From a practical point of view, this study demonstrated that it should be possible to reduce weed competition by ensuring that the amount of nitrogen in soil before sowing is around 100 kg/ha. winter oilseed rape / organic farming / yield variability / yield components / diagnosis / farmers' fields / nitrogen deficiencies / weed competitio * Corresponding authors: morison@grignon.inra.fr, meynard@grignon.inra.fr Article published by EDP Sciences and ava...

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“…Our studies also indicate that the adoption of alternative seeding management systems, such as fall seeding at higher rates and with less susceptible canola species can help minimize crop damage from these pests. When coupled with agronomic practices shown previously to increase competitiveness of the crop relative to these pests, like maintaining appropriate row spacings, optimal soil fertility, and appropriate tillage regimes (Dosdall et al 1996b(Dosdall et al , 1998, root maggot infestations and crop losses can be considerably reduced in canola.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, plants injured later, when both moisture and nutrients are more limited, could likely compensate to a lesser degree. Growers in regions infested annually with high populations of root maggots should seed at rates selected to ensure vigorous plant stands (Dosdall et al 1998), but this strategy is particularly important when seeding in mid-May ( Fig. 1; Table 8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fall and Spring Seeding Date and Other Agronomic Factors on Infestations of Root Maggots, <I>Delia</I> spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), in Canola

Dosdall

Clayton²,

Harker³

et al. 2006

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Several agronomic benefits can result from fall seeding of canola (Brassica spp.), but extensive research data are lacking on the potential impact of this practice on infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), which are major pests of the crop in western Canada. Field experiments making up 13 location by year combinations were conducted in central Alberta, Canada, from 1998 to 2001 to determine the effect of fall versus spring seeding of canola on root maggot damage. Depending on the experiment, interactions with seeding rate, seed treatment, timing of weed removal, and canola species (cultivar) also were investigated. Root maggot damage declined with an increase in seeding rate for plots seeded in May but not in fall or April. Susceptibility to infestation was greater for plants of Brassica rapa L. than Brassica napus L., but seed treatment had no effect on damage by these pests. Combined analysis using data from all experiment by location by year combinations indicated that seeding date had no significant effect on root maggot damage. The extended emergence of Delia spp. adults, which spans the appearance of crop stages vulnerable to oviposition regardless of seeding date, prevented reduced root maggot attack. Covariance analysis demonstrated the importance of increasing seeding rate for reducing root maggot infestations, a practice that can be especially beneficial for May-seeded canola when growing conditions limit the ability of plants to compensate for root maggot damage. Results determined with the small plot studies described here should be validated in larger plots or on a commercial field scale, but both the combined and covariance analyses indicate that seeding canola in fall does not predispose plants to greater damage by larval root maggots than seeding in spring.

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Tillage regime, row spacing, and seeding rate influence infestations of root maggots (Delia spp.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) in canola

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Managing Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Canola with Seeding Date, Plant Density, and Seed Treatment

Managing Flea Beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Canola with Seeding Date, Plant Density, and Seed Treatment

Diagnosis of limiting factors of organic oilseed rape yield. A survey of farmers’ fields

Effects of Fall and Spring Seeding Date and Other Agronomic Factors on Infestations of Root Maggots, <I>Delia</I> spp. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), in Canola

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