Humans display marked changes to their perceptual experience of a stimulus following prolonged or repeated exposure to a preceding stimulus. A well-studied example of such perceptual adaptation is the tilt-aftereffect. Here, prolonged exposure to one orientation leads to a shift in the perception of subsequent orientations. Such a capacity to adapt suggests the visual system is dynamically tuned to our current visual environment. However, it remains unclear to what extent adaptation occurs in response to systematic features in naturalistic scenes. We therefore investigated orientation adaptation in response to natural viewing of filtered live-action film stimuli. Within a session, participants freely viewed 45 minutes of a film which had been filtered to include increased contrast energy within a specified orientation band (0°, 45°, 90°, or 135°; i.e., the adaptor). To measure adaptation effects, the film was intermittently interrupted to have participants perform a simple orientation judgement task. Having participants complete behavioural trials throughout the testing session, including 45 minutes of total adaptation time, allowed investigation of the accumulation of response biases and changes in such biases over the course of the session. We found participants exhibited stronger adaptation effects in response to cardinal adaptors compared to obliques. However, overall adaptation effects were weaker than those observed under typical tilt-aftereffect paradigms. Further, within a single session, adaptation effects developed inconsistently. The current findings therefore demonstrate a resistance to adaptation in response to naturalistic viewing conditions, suggesting barriers to understanding perceptual adaptation as experienced in nature.
