Tilting of the spin orientation induced by Rashba effect in ferromagnetic metal layer

Pi, Ung Hwan; Kim, Keewon; Bae, Jae Young; Lee, Sung Chul; Cho, Young Jin; Kim, Kwang Seok; Seo, Sunae

doi:10.1063/1.3502596

Cited by 288 publications

(236 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The inverse slope of the (B ext , Dj) plot, reported in figure 7 for both Pt/Co/AlO x and Pt/Co/Pt, is a direct 3) for a Rashba constant a = 10 −10 eV m, which is a realistic estimate considering that a ranges from 4 × 10 −11 to 3 × 10 −10 eV m at the interface of 5d metal systems and that oxidation may further enhance its value. We remark, however, that recent AHE measurements show that the relationship between B SO and j is not linear, in particular when an extended range of currents j = 10 6 −10 8 A cm −2 is considered [91,92]. Such nonlinear behaviour might be attributed to transient heating effects, which, at high current, can enhance the effective action of B SO compared with static external fields, as well as to more complex dynamic phenomena that are not included in the simple models presented here [92].…”

Section: (D) Spin-orbit Torques In Ultrathin Metal Filmsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Gambardella

Miron

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

350

315

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The ability to reverse the magnetization of nanomagnets by current injection has attracted increased attention ever since the spin-transfer torque mechanism was predicted in 1996. In this paper, we review the basic theoretical and experimental arguments supporting a novel current-induced spin torque mechanism taking place in ferromagnetic (FM) materials. This effect, hereafter named spin-orbit (SO) torque, is produced by the flow of an electric current in a crystalline structure lacking inversion symmetry, which transfers orbital angular momentum from the lattice to the spin system owing to the combined action of SO and exchange coupling. SO torques are found to be prominent in both FM metal and semiconducting systems, allowing for great flexibility in adjusting their orientation and magnitude by proper material engineering. Further directions of research in this field are briefly outlined.

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Section: (D) Spin-orbit Torques In Ultrathin Metal Filmsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Gambardella

Miron

2011

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

350

315

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“…The corresponding non-equilibrium spin density, generated in the ISGE by inversion-asymmetry terms in the relativistic Hamiltonian, has naturally no dependence on magnetization. Hence, in the context of magnetic semiconductors 6,8,17,18 or ferromagnet/paramagnet structures 1,7,[19][20][21] , the ISGE may be expected to yield only the field-like component of the torque BM Â f, where the vector f is independent of the magnetization vector M (see Fig. 1a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary spin-Hall and inverse spin-galvanic effect torques in a ferromagnet/semiconductor bilayer

et al. 2015

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Recently discovered relativistic spin torques induced by a lateral current at a ferromagnet/ paramagnet interface are a candidate spintronic technology for a new generation of electrically controlled magnetic memory devices. The focus of our work is to experimentally disentangle the perceived two model physical mechanisms of the relativistic spin torques, one driven by the spin-Hall effect and the other one by the inverse spin-galvanic effect. Here, we show a vector analysis of the torques in a prepared epitaxial transition-metal ferromagnet/ semiconductor-paramagnet single-crystal structure by means of the all-electrical ferromagnetic resonance technique. By choice of our structure in which the semiconductor paramagnet has a Dresselhaus crystal inversion asymmetry, the system is favourable for separating the torques due to the inverse spin-galvanic effect and spin-Hall effect mechanisms into the field-like and antidamping-like components, respectively. Since they contribute to distinct symmetry torque components, the two microscopic mechanisms do not compete but complement each other in our system.

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“…14,15 Although a high SOT has been reported on the Co/Pd MLs recently, 13 no systematic works have been done for explaining the presence of SOT in the multilayers, where the spin currents from heavy metal may counteract each other and no Rashba interaction can be seen without structure inversion asymmetry. By conducting the lock-in technique, [16][17][18] the dependence of SOT efficiencies of the Co/Pt MLs on different repeating layer number (N) is investigated. Besides, Cu and Ta are inserted into the Co/Pt MLs for modifying the interfacial conditions to clarify the origin of SOT in multilayers system and to tune the strength of SOT efficiency.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering spin-orbit torque in Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Huang

Wang

Lin

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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To address thermal stability issues for spintronic devices with a reduced size, we investigate spin-orbit torque in Co/Pt multilayers with strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Note that the spin-orbit torque arises from the global imbalance of the spin currents from the top and bottom interfaces for each Co layer.By inserting Ta or Cu layers to strengthen the top-down asymmetry, the spin-orbit torque efficiency can be greatly modified without compromised perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Above all, the efficiency builds up as the number of layers increases, realizing robust thermal stability and high spin-orbit-torque efficiency simultaneously in the multilayers structure.

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Tilting of the spin orientation induced by Rashba effect in ferromagnetic metal layer

Cited by 288 publications

References 7 publications

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Current-induced spin–orbit torques

Complementary spin-Hall and inverse spin-galvanic effect torques in a ferromagnet/semiconductor bilayer

Engineering spin-orbit torque in Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

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