Time and decision making in humans

Klapproth, K Florian

doi:10.3758/cabn.8.4.509

Cited by 51 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 148 publications

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“…Instead of taking one marshmallow now, holding out for two or three marshmallows later is an example of DoG. Delay discounting (DD), also called temporal discounting, has been defined as a reduction in the subjective value of a reward as later as the reward is delivered (Kirby and Marakovic, 1996; Klapproth, 2008). Low DD and high DoG reflect better self-control; therefore, the two measures are inversely correlated (Forstmeier et al, 2011; Drobetz et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength of Structural and Functional Frontostriatal Connectivity Predicts Self-Control in the Healthy Elderly

Hänggi

Lohrey

Drobetz

et al. 2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Self-regulation refers to the successful use of executive functions and initiation of top-down processes to control one's thoughts, behavior, and emotions, and it is crucial to perform self-control. Self-control is needed to overcome impulses and can be assessed by delay of gratification (DoG) and delay discounting (DD) paradigms. In children/adolescents, good DoG/DD ability depends on the maturity of frontostriatal connectivity, and its decline in strength with advancing age might adversely affect self-control because prefrontal brain regions are more prone to normal age-related atrophy than other regions. Here, we aimed at highlighting the relationship between frontostriatal connectivity strength and DoG performance in advanced age. We recruited 40 healthy elderly individuals (mean age 74.0 ± 7.7 years) and assessed the DoG ability using the German version of the DoG test for adults in addition to the delay discounting (DD) paradigm. Based on diffusion-weighted and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data, respectively, the structural and functional whole-brain connectome were reconstructed based on 90 different brain regions of interest in addition to a 12-node frontostriatal DoG-specific network and the resulting connectivity matrices were subjected to network-based statistics. The 90-nodes whole-brain connectome analyses revealed subnetworks significantly associated with DoG and DD with a preponderance of frontostriatal nodes involved suggesting a high specificity of the findings. Structural and functional connectivity strengths between the putamen, caudate nucleus, and nucleus accumbens on the one hand and orbitofrontal, dorsal, and ventral lateral prefrontal cortices on the other hand showed strong positive correlations with DoG and negative correlations with DD corrected for age, sex, intracranial volume, and head motion parameters. These associations cannot be explained by differences in impulsivity and executive functioning. This pattern of correlations between structural or functional frontostriatal connectivity strength and self-control suggests that, in addition to the importance of the frontostriatal nodes itself, the structural and functional properties of different connections within the frontostriatal network are crucial for self-controlled behaviors in the healthy elderly. Because high DoG/low DD is a significant predictor of willpower and wellbeing in the elderly population, interventions aiming at strengthening frontostriatal connectivity to strengthen self-controlled behavior are needed in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength of Structural and Functional Frontostriatal Connectivity Predicts Self-Control in the Healthy Elderly

Hänggi

Lohrey

Drobetz

et al. 2016

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…For example, time perception has been implicated in decision-making processes and, as emotions contribute to time perception, the emotional modulation of time perception may have important consequences for such processes. One decision-making domain that might be particularly sensitive to emotion-driven temporal distortions is the phenomenon of temporal discounting [41–46]. Temporal discounting is defined as the devaluation of future rewards in favor of more imminent rewards and follows a hyperbolic response distribution, such that the subjective value of future rewards decreases with the duration of the delay.…”

Section: Consequences For Cognition Behavior and Emotionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in understanding emotion-driven temporal distortions

Lake

2016

Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences

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Emotions are powerful drivers of distortions in time perception. Recent work continues to support arousal and attentional mechanisms of emotion-driven temporal distortions. A possible memory-related mechanism and various modulatory factors, such as age, gender, and psychopathology, have also been implicated in such distortions. Beyond the rich behavioral literature on this topic, neurobiological substrates associated with emotion-driven temporal distortions have begun to be identified and represent an important next step for research within this domain. The study of emotion-driven temporal distortions holds great promise for advancing our understanding of this perceptual phenomenon and how it may play a functional role in mediating changes in cognition, behavior, and emotion.

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“…In making a decision, an individual has to correctly gauge the durations of the options available to them, the durations of the expected delays in realising the options and the time available to make the decision; therefore decision-making involves both objective and subjective temporal consideration (Klapproth, 2008). Health behaviour in general is characterised by deciding upon immediate effort (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Here for a good time, not a long time”: Decision-making, future consequences and alcohol use among Northern Irish adolescents

McKay

Ballantyne²,

Goudie

et al. 2011

Journal of Substance Use

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A focus group methodology was employed in post-primary (high) schools in Northern Ireland to examine 15-to 16-year-olds' (n = 68) understanding of the consideration of future consequences (CFC) scale (Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D. S., & Edwards, C. S. (1994). The consideration of future consequences: Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 742-752) and additionally to examine if and how participants considered the future when making decisions generally and decisions about drinking behaviours more specifically. Results showed that many participants found some items of the CFC scale difficult to understand and reported that having the items explained and contextualised helped in their understanding of them. Most participants reported consideration only of the short-term consequences of behaviours more generally and of alcohol use more specifically. Implications for research of CFC and health promotion messages and interventions among this age group are discussed.

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Time and decision making in humans

Cited by 51 publications

References 148 publications

Strength of Structural and Functional Frontostriatal Connectivity Predicts Self-Control in the Healthy Elderly

Strength of Structural and Functional Frontostriatal Connectivity Predicts Self-Control in the Healthy Elderly

Recent advances in understanding emotion-driven temporal distortions

“Here for a good time, not a long time”: Decision-making, future consequences and alcohol use among Northern Irish adolescents

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