Time-and-energy-resolved measurement of Auger cascades following Kr 3d excitation by attosecond pulses

Verhoef, A. J.; Mitrofanov, A. V.; Nguyen, Xuan Trung; Krikunova, Maria; Fritzsche, S.; Кабачник, Н. М.; Drescher, Markus; Baltuška, Andrius

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/13/11/113003

Cited by 27 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Recently, attosecond spectroscopic measurements from xenon using a velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometer were reported [3], revealing a weak phase sensitivity of sideband generation of the Auger emission, in agreement with numerical simulations presented previously [4]. Although VMI has the advantage that the angular distribution of the electrons can be obtained, the spectral resolution was much lower than that of our linear time-of-flight spectrometer [5], such that the individual Auger lines could not be resolved and no information about the valence electrons was obtained. In the experimental data we present here, the Auger lines and corresponding sidebands are individually resolved, and the streaking of the 5p, 5s and 4d photoelectrons and the 5p -2 5d shake-up satellite is well resolved.…”

supporting

confidence: 83%

“…In Figure 1 we show the measured and fitted attosecond streaking spectrograms. In order to extract information about the evolution of the different emitted electrons, we fitted the spectrum for each delay, as in [5], obtaining the following parameters: The intensity of the main Auger lines, the intensity of the corresponding up-shifted sidebands and of the corresponding down-shifted sidebands, as well as the width and center-of-mass of the direct photo-electron features. The results of this analysis are presented in Figure 2.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attosecond streaking of shake-up and Auger electrons in xenon

Verhoef

Mitrofanov

Krikunova

et al. 2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. We present first results of simultaneous attosecond streaking measurements of shake-up electrons and Auger electrons emitted from xenon. We extract relative photo-emission delays for electrons emitted from the 4d, 5s and 5p subshell, as well as for the 5p -2 5d correlation satellite (shake-up electrons).The recent advances in attosecond physics revealing an emission delay between electrons emitted from valence states and deeper bound 4f states in tungsten [1] and from the 2p and 2s subshells in neon [2] have provoked and will continue to provoke questions about the physics of photoionization. However, in the aforementioned experiments a relative phase ambiguity remained, because of the spectral separation of the respective emitted wavepackets. We present experimental data obtained using this method from an atomic system, xenon, from which more different electron wavepackets including shake-up electron wavepackets are emitted, and where a spectral overlap of some of these wavepackets can be observed. The spectral overlap of the different emitted electronic wavepackets can eliminate the relative phase ambiguity, and thus allows for a more reliable measurement of the relative emission phase and delay. Recently, attosecond spectroscopic measurements from xenon using a velocity map imaging (VMI) spectrometer were reported [3], revealing a weak phase sensitivity of sideband generation of the Auger emission, in agreement with numerical simulations presented previously [4]. Although VMI has the advantage that the angular distribution of the electrons can be obtained, the spectral resolution was much lower than that of our linear time-of-flight spectrometer [5], such that the individual Auger lines could not be resolved and no information about the valence electrons was obtained. In the experimental data we present here, the Auger lines and corresponding sidebands are individually resolved, and the streaking of the 5p, 5s and 4d photoelectrons and the 5p -2 5d shake-up satellite is well resolved.Carrier envelope phase (CEP) stable 5-fs pulses with a central wavelength of ~750 nm and ~250 µJ energy are generated by focusing 700 µJ, 25 fs pulses from a CEP stabilized Ti:sapphire multipass amplifier in a neon-filled capillary and subsequent compression in a chirped mirror compressor. Through loose focusing of the CEP stable few-cycle pulses on a neon target, highharmonics are generated. The few-cycle pulses are spatially separated from the generated harmonics using an annular filter consisting of a pellicle with a central hole that is covered with a Zr foil. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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confidence: 83%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond streaking of shake-up and Auger electrons in xenon

Verhoef

Mitrofanov

Krikunova

et al. 2013

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…It is probable that in contrast to most of previous studies of correlated electron dynamics91011125152535455 the precursors for observed CED-channels are populated few picoseconds after the absorption of XUV-photons. On this time-scale the clusters are substantially expanded and resemble a strongly diluted plasma2443.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…A slow decay rate would be in contrast to other time-resolved measurements of electron correlation processes. For instance, Auger decay5152 or ICD in dimers5355 were shown to take place on femtosecond time-scales. However, in the case of ICD in dimer a virtual photon model predicts a substantial increase of the ICD lifetime for higher excited states27 in accordance with experimental observation54.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlated electronic decay in expanding clusters triggered by intense XUV pulses from a Free-Electron-Laser

Oelze

Schütte

Müller

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Irradiation of nanoscale clusters and large molecules with intense laser pulses transforms them into highly-excited non- equilibrium states. The dynamics of intense laser-cluster interaction is encoded in electron kinetic energy spectra, which contain signatures of direct photoelectron emission as well as emission of thermalized nanoplasma electrons. In this work we report on a so far not observed spectrally narrow bound state signature in the electron kinetic energy spectra from mixed Xe core - Ar shell clusters ionized by intense extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from a free-electron-laser. This signature is attributed to the correlated electronic decay (CED) process, in which an excited atom relaxes and the excess energy is used to ionize the same or another excited atom or a nanoplasma electron. By applying the terahertz field streaking principle we demonstrate that CED-electrons are emitted at least a few picoseconds after the ionizing XUV pulse has ended. Following the recent finding of CED in clusters ionized by intense near-infrared laser pulses, our observation of CED in the XUV range suggests that this process is of general relevance for the relaxation dynamics in laser produced nanoplasmas.

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“…The delay between the attosecond pulse and the few-cycle pulse is controlled via translation of the inner component of the double mirror. The double mirror focuses both pulses on a xenon gas jet, and the ejected photoelectrons are analyzed using a time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer [5]. Center-of-mass analysis of the spectral shift of the 4d, 5p -2 5d, 5s and 5p emission lines in the CEP stable laser field yields an upper limit of 50 as for the relative emission delay between these electrons.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of attosecond photo-ionization delay in xenon

Verhoef¹,

Mitrofanov²,

Krikunova³

et al. 2013

2013 Conference on Lasers &Amp; Electro-Optics Europe &Amp; International Quantum Electronics Conference CLEO EUROPE/IQEC

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The recent advances in attosecond physics revealing an emission delay between electrons emitted from valence states and deeper bound 4f states in tungsten [1] and from the 2p and 2s subshells in neon [2] have provoked and will continue to provoke questions about the physics of photo-ionization. However, in the aforementioned experiments a relative phase ambiguity remained, because of the spectral separation of the respective emitted wavepackets. We present experimental data obtained using this method from an atomic system, xenon, from which more different electron wavepackets including shake-up electron wavepackets are emitted, and where a spectral overlap of some of these wavepackets can be observed. The spectral overlap of the different emitted electronic wavepackets can eliminate the relative phase ambiguity, and thus allows for a more reliable measurement of the relative emission phase and delay. In the experimental data we present here, the streaking of the 5p, 5s and 4d photoelectrons and the 5p -2 5d shake-up satellite from xenon is well resolved, and the Auger lines and corresponding sidebands are individually resolved. Isolated attosecond pulses with a central photon energy of 94 eV and a full-width at half-maximum of 6 eV are generated by loosely focusing carrier envelope phase (CEP) stable 5-fs pulses with a central wavelength of ~750 nm and ~250 µJ on a neon target. The few-cycle pulses are spatially separated from the generated soft x-ray pulses using an annular filter consisting of a pellicle with a central hole that is covered with a Zr foil. The delay between the attosecond pulse and the few-cycle pulse is controlled via translation of the inner component of the double mirror. The double mirror focuses both pulses on a xenon gas jet, and the ejected photoelectrons are analyzed using a time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometer [5]. Center-of-mass analysis of the spectral shift of the 4d, 5p -2 5d, 5s and 5p emission lines in the CEP stable laser field yields an upper limit of 50 as for the relative emission delay between these electrons. In order to obtain a better temporal resolution, we carried out a FROG-CRAB reconstruction of our measured spectrogram [ Fig. 1(a)]. This analysis reveals that the 5p -2 5d shake-up emission precedes the 5s emission by ~20 as, and that the emission from the 5p subshell is delayed by ~30 as with respect to the 5s electrons. Furthermore, we observe, similarly to Ref.[3] a phase-sensitive behavior of the sidebands to the Auger emission [see Fig 1(b)]. 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 0 50 retrieved spectrum measured spectrum Normalized Intensity E kin (eV) Phase (π rad) Group Delay (as) -15 -10 -5 0 Signal (arb. un.) XUV-IR delay (fs)Fig. 1. (a) FROG-CRAB reconstruction of the photo-electron spectrum (black) and corresponding spectral phase (red) and group delay (blue). The emission from the 5p-25d electrons precedes the 5s emission by ~20 as and the 5p emission by ~50 as. (b) Strength of the up-(red) and down-shifted (blue) Auger-sidebands. A weak 18...

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Time-and-energy-resolved measurement of Auger cascades following Kr 3d excitation by attosecond pulses

Cited by 27 publications

References 30 publications

Attosecond streaking of shake-up and Auger electrons in xenon

Attosecond streaking of shake-up and Auger electrons in xenon

Correlated electronic decay in expanding clusters triggered by intense XUV pulses from a Free-Electron-Laser

Measurement of attosecond photo-ionization delay in xenon

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