Time and Music: A Composer's View

Childs, Barney

doi:10.2307/832819

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Most literature treats this transition as a binary switch in which tension is suddenly resolved. A number of music theorists have sought to nuance the process delineating patterns of fluctuating intensity leading to and following a climax in terms of intensity (Berry, 1978) or narrative (Childs, 1977;Agawu, 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most literature treats this transition as a binary switch in which tension is suddenly resolved. Music theorists have sought to nuance the process delineating patterns of fluctuating intensity leading to and following a climax in terms of intensity (Berry, 1978) or narrative (Childs, 1977; Agawu, 1984); the affective peaks and troughs of these processes are described in terms of intensification, climax, and abatement (Patty, 2009). There is, however, a considerable lack of consistency and a wide variety of issues, terminology, and analytical approaches, and thus this key aspect of musical engagement begs further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inter-Subject EEG Correlation Reflects Time-Varying Engagement with Natural Music

Kaneshiro

Norcia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Musical engagement can be conceptualized through various activities, modes of listening, and listener states - among these a state of focused engagement. Recent research has reported that this state can be indexed by the inter-subject correlation (ISC) of EEG responses to a shared naturalistic stimulus. While statistically significant ISC has been reported during music listening, these reports have considered only correlations computed across entire excerpts and do not provide insights into time-varying engagement. Here we present the first EEG-ISC investigation of time-varying engagement within a musical work. From a sample of 23 adult musicians who listened to a cello concerto movement, we find varying levels of ISC throughout the excerpt. In particular, significant ISC is observed during periods of musical tension that build to climactic highpoints, but not at the highpoints themselves. In addition, we find that a control stimulus retaining low-frequency envelope characteristics of the intact music, but little other temporal structure, also elicits significant neural correlation, though to a lesser extent than the original. In all, our findings shed light on temporal dynamics of listener engagement during music listening, establish connections between salient musical events and EEG-ISC, and clarify specific listener states that are indexed by this measure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter-Subject EEG Correlation Reflects Time-Varying Engagement with Natural Music

Kaneshiro

Norcia

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…These findings begin to fill a conspicuous absence of musicological, music‐theoretic and psychological studies focusing on affective processes, particularly from a point of maximal tension to the actual resolution of tension. Music theorists have sought to characterize the process leading to and following a climax in terms of intensity (Berry, 1978) or narrative (Agawu, 1984; Childs, 1977); the affective peaks and troughs of these processes are described in terms of intensification, climax and abatement (Patty, 2009). Building upon past work by Dauer et al (2021), who reported EEG and CB ISC with process‐based, minimalist music, the present work contributes insights into the temporal dynamics of engagement with tonal music as indexed by the ISC of dual response modalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inter‐subject correlation of electroencephalographic and behavioural responses reflects time‐varying engagement with natural music

Kaneshiro,

Nguyen,

Norcia

et al. 2024

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Musical engagement can be conceptualized through various activities, modes of listening and listener states. Recent research has reported that a state of focused engagement can be indexed by the inter‐subject correlation (ISC) of audience responses to a shared naturalistic stimulus. While statistically significant ISC has been reported during music listening, we lack insight into the temporal dynamics of engagement over the course of musical works—such as those composed in the Western classical style—which involve the formulation of expectations that are realized or derailed at subsequent points of arrival. Here, we use the ISC of electroencephalographic (EEG) and continuous behavioural (CB) responses to investigate the time‐varying dynamics of engagement with functional tonal music. From a sample of adult musicians who listened to a complete cello concerto movement, we found that ISC varied throughout the excerpt for both measures. In particular, significant EEG ISC was observed during periods of musical tension that built to climactic highpoints, while significant CB ISC corresponded more to declarative entrances and points of arrival. Moreover, we found that a control stimulus retaining envelope characteristics of the intact music, but little other temporal structure, also elicited significantly correlated EEG and CB responses, though to lesser extents than the original version. In sum, these findings shed light on the temporal dynamics of engagement during music listening and clarify specific aspects of musical engagement that may be indexed by each measure.

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“…Even though instrumental music does not contain any lyrics , they do have a narrative curve similar to those found in conversations, as there is often an introduction, development, climax, and concluding gesture (Childs, 1977). Referring to music in general (both instrumental and vocal songs), Ryan (2004) argues that listeners fill the musical plot with personal representations, which goes in line with the notion that people inevitably sense that songs tell a story, i.e.…”

Section: Narrativity Of Musicmentioning

confidence: 93%

Music videos as meaningful entertainment? Psychological responses to audio-visual presentations of song narratives

Schlue¹

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Combining auditive, visual, and textual elements in a unique way, music videos are currently one of the most popular and viral forms of entertainment media. Narrative music videos, in particular, engage their viewers by visually communicating the meaning of a song and its lyrics, which possibly employs them as a useful tool to communicate social, political and cultural messages to a broad audience, and implicates their social and cultural relevance. The purpose of this study was to test whether visual presentations of song narratives (as in music videos) foster a more transporting, engaging, enjoyable, and appreciative entertainment experience than listening to songs alone. Results disconfirm this notion. Songs by themselves were found to be more narratively engaging than in combination with music videos. Levels of enjoyment differed across transportation and engagement levels, but not across song presentations. Appreciation was both directly and indirectly related to song presentation. Practical implications and follow-up research are discussed. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my deep gratitude to my advisor Dr. Nicholas D. Bowman for his extraordinary commitment and mentorship. His useful comments, remarks, encouragement and engagement through the learning process of my master thesis helped me grow both academically and as a person. He is a true role model and has made a great impact in my life-I am honored to be able to call him my friend. Furthermore I would like to thank Dr. Elizabeth L. Cohen and Dr. Keith Weber for their helpful feedback and support along the way. Also, I would like to thank the participants in my study, who have willingly shared their precious time. Finally, I would like to thank my loved ones in Germany-my parents in particular-who have always led by example and who have supported and encouraged me throughout this entire process, despite the distance and the obstacles it brings along. I will be grateful forever for your love.

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Time and Music: A Composer's View

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Inter-Subject EEG Correlation Reflects Time-Varying Engagement with Natural Music

Inter-Subject EEG Correlation Reflects Time-Varying Engagement with Natural Music

Inter‐subject correlation of electroencephalographic and behavioural responses reflects time‐varying engagement with natural music

Music videos as meaningful entertainment? Psychological responses to audio-visual presentations of song narratives

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