Time as a Variable in Transposition

Stevenson, Harold W.; Weiss, Erwin S.

doi:10.2307/1418900

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Thompson (1955), using rats, found that a delay improved transposition on a near test when the original task was "easy" (a large ratio between stimuli), but that it had no effect when the original discrimination was more "difficult" (small ratio). Stevenson and Weiss (1955), using college students, found that increasing time had a greater effect on a far test than on a near test.…”

Section: Excitation Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transposition: A reevaluation.

Hebert¹,

Krantz²

1965

Psychological Bulletin

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Theories of transposition are evaluated in terms of the available empirical data. The most often cited model, that of Spence (1937), is found to be adequate in its explanation of simple transposition and the distance effect. It encounters difficulty in explaining or incorporating the findings of: intermediate size, simultaneous versus successive discrimination, contrast and background effects, and mediated transposition. Other models are considered, with adaptation-level approaches providing the most adequate alternative to the Spence position. RETROSPECTIn the typical transposition demonstration, subjects (5s) are first trained to respond differentially to two stimuli, and are then tested with one or more new stimuli lying on the same physical dimension. For example, 5s may be reinforced for a response to a stimulus square 256 cm. 2 , nonreinforced for a response to stimulus square 160 cm. 2 , and then tested on stimulus squares 256 cm. 2 and 409 cm. 2 . If S chooses the larger (409 cm. 2 ), he is said to have transposed on the basis of the relative properties of the stimulus situation (relational responding); if S chooses the smaller (256 cm. 2 )-the one to which he has been trained -he is said to have acted on the basis of the absolute properties of the stimulus situation (absolute responding).A number of early investigators demonstrated that 5s do reliably perform in a rela-

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Section: Excitation Gradientmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their findings are contradictory. The third study(Stevenson & Weiss, 1955) has employed college students to study the effect of time on transposition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Transposition: A reevaluation.

Hebert¹,

Krantz²

1965

Psychological Bulletin

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…While Koffka (1928) stated that response in terms of absolute stimulus properties occurred with adults except when the stimuli were very similar, Wesman and Eisenberg (1941) concluded that relational properties were of primary importance. However, Koffka's data were collected informally and were not supported by either Stevenson, Iscoe, and McConnell (1955) or Stevenson and Weiss (1955) who found transposition in adults with a test set a full step distant from the training set, while Wesman and Eisenberg required that eight problems be learned simultaneously and may have established a relational learning set. Stevenson and Weiss, the only investigators to employ two test sets varying in distance from the training set, found that transposition decreased as a function of increasing difference between the training and test set.…”

Section: Wellesley Collegementioning

confidence: 99%