2019
DOI: 10.1615/atomizspr.2019030744
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Time-Averaged Spray Analysis in the Near-Field Region Using Broadband and Narrowband X-Ray Measurements

Abstract: The characterization of a spray in the near-field region is challenging because of its high optical density in this region. X-ray based techniques, with weak scatter and strong penetration properties, can provide better characterization than optical assessment techniques in this region.In this work, the effects of various operating parameters on the evaluation of the optical depth (defined as the accumulated liquid thickness in the beam path times the X-ray attenuation coefficient) and spray profile of an atom… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(20 citation statements)
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References 16 publications
(23 reference statements)
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“…As the beam propagates through the spray, a fraction of the photons are absorbed by the liquid so that the beam intensity decreases; the decrease is a function of the fluid medium, the amount (path length) of fluid, and the X-ray photon energy. Rather than using the equivalent path length (EPL) of the spray, calculations from tube source radiography use the optical depth values directly which are equivalent to μ*EPL, where µ is the X-ray attenuation coefficient (Li et al, 2019). Note that µ is a function of the material through which the X-rays pass, as well as the wavelength of the X-ray energy, and is typically tabulated for monochromatic X-ray sources, but is a complicated function for polychromatic X-ray sources common in tube sources.…”
Section: Tube Source X-raysmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…As the beam propagates through the spray, a fraction of the photons are absorbed by the liquid so that the beam intensity decreases; the decrease is a function of the fluid medium, the amount (path length) of fluid, and the X-ray photon energy. Rather than using the equivalent path length (EPL) of the spray, calculations from tube source radiography use the optical depth values directly which are equivalent to μ*EPL, where µ is the X-ray attenuation coefficient (Li et al, 2019). Note that µ is a function of the material through which the X-rays pass, as well as the wavelength of the X-ray energy, and is typically tabulated for monochromatic X-ray sources, but is a complicated function for polychromatic X-ray sources common in tube sources.…”
Section: Tube Source X-raysmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The field of view for radiographs in this study was 22.5 × 26 mm, the tube voltage was 50 keV, and the current was 2.0 mA. More details about the tube source X-ray setup can be found in Heindel et al (2008) or the setup of Li et al (2018).…”
Section: Tube Source X-raysmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In addition, the focus spot size of the synchrotron source (5 µm × 6 µm) better approximated a point source to minimize the penumbra effect. A similar focused beam comparison to tube sources was completed by Li et al (Li et al, 2018) where the broadband tube source detector had to be farther away from the spray. This configuration resulted in the penumbra effect causing blurring along the spray edges that required corrections, which were not needed in the focused beam measurements.…”
mentioning
confidence: 98%
“…Since the energy level of the tube source is limited, a high-resolution high-speed video of a dilute spray is hard to achieve by using tube Xray source. However, an averaged radiograph from a sequence of frames of the steady spray can help characterize the spray with time averaged properties (Li et al, 2019). When the X-ray tube source cannot be considered as a point source, a penumbra effect occurs, and is magnified as the distance from the object to the detector is increased.…”
Section: Radiographymentioning
confidence: 99%