Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean  origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary Islands

Martín-Hernanz, Sara; Nogales, Manuel; Valente, Luís; Fernández‐Mazuecos, Mario; Pomeda‐Gutiérrez, Fernando; Cano, Emilio; Marrero, Patricia; Olesen, Jens M.; Heleno, Rúben; Vargas, Pablo

doi:10.22541/au.165212305.54923019/v2

Cited by 1 publication

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“…The relatively recent divergence among E. canariensis haplotypes in the Canary Islands (crown age, 1.76 – 2.27 Ma; Figure 5) contrasts with the old divergence between this species and its close relatives (stem age, 3.95 – 12.68 Ma; Figure 2). This implies a high uncertainty on the time of colonization of the Canary Islands from the continent, which may have happened at any point between the stem age and the crown age (Martín-Hernanz et al, 2023). Indeed, the geographic and genetic distance between E. canariensis and its closest relatives highlights the problem of incomplete taxon sampling (due to extinction or unsampled close relatives).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This fact, together with the apparently low colonization capabilities of E. canariensis (considering the lack of LDD syndromes and the relatively low estimated number of inter-island colonization events despite a relatively old age), supports the idea of extinction of intermediate relatives of E. canariensis in Africa and southwestern Asia. This extreme Canarian-Asian disjunction deserves exploration in other plant groups, such as Apollonias and Bosea (Li et al, 2011; Martín-Hernanz et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phylogenetics and phylogeography ofEuphorbia canariensisreveal an extreme Canarian-Asian disjunction and limited inter-island colonization

Coello

Vargas

Cano

et al. 2023

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Euphorbia canariensis is an iconic endemic species of the Canary Islands and one of the most characteristic species of lowland xerophytic communities known, in Spanish, as 'cardonal-tabaibal'. This species is widely distributed in the archipelago, which contrasts with the theoretically low dispersal abilities suggested by its unspecialized diasporas. Furthermore, the phylogenetic relationships of this species are unclear, although it is thought to be related to the Indian E. epiphylloides and not to other cactus-like Euphorbia of the Canary Islands (E. handiensis) and Africa. Here we aimed to reconstruct the evolutionary history of E. canariensis at two levels: (i) a phylogenetic approach aimed at unravelling relationships of this species and large-scale biogeographic patterns, and (ii) a phylogeographic approach focused on the history of colonization between islands of the Canarian archipelago in relation to habitat availability for this species through time. Based on previous phylogenetic studies of Euphorbia, we sequenced the ITS region for E. canariensis and several potentially related species to build a phylogenetic framework. We also sequenced two cpDNA regions for 92 individuals from 29 populations of E. canariensis representing its distribution range. We estimated the number of inter-island colonization events using PAICE, a recently developed method that includes a sampling effort correction. Additionally, we used species distribution modelling (SDM) to project current habitat availability for E. canariensis to past periods. Phylogenetic results supported the Canarian E. canariensis as closely related to the Southeast Asian E. epiphylloides and E. sessiliflora. In the Canarian archipelago, E. canariensis displayed a surprising west-to-east colonization pattern. The estimated number of inter-island colonization events was c. 20-50, and SDM suggested an increase in habitat availability in recent times. In summary, in this study we confirmed an extreme biogeographic disjunction between Macaronesia and Southeast Asia, described only for a small number of plant species, and estimated relatively low dispersal capabilities for E. canariensis, with a west-to-east colonization pattern in the Canary Islands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogenetics and phylogeography ofEuphorbia canariensisreveal an extreme Canarian-Asian disjunction and limited inter-island colonization

Coello

Vargas

Cano

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary Islands

Abstract: | This a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary.Pablo Vargas. Time-calibrated phylogenies reveal mediterranean and pre-mediterranean origin of the thermophilous vegetation of the Canary Islands. Authorea.

Cited by 1 publication

References 16 publications

Phylogenetics and phylogeography ofEuphorbia canariensisreveal an extreme Canarian-Asian disjunction and limited inter-island colonization

Phylogenetics and phylogeography ofEuphorbia canariensisreveal an extreme Canarian-Asian disjunction and limited inter-island colonization

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