Time course Haemophilus parasuis infection reveals pathological differences between virulent and non-virulent strains in the respiratory tract

Bello-Ortí, Bernardo; Costa-Hurtado, Mar; Martínez-Moliner, Verónica; Segalés, Joaquím; Aragón, Virginia

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.011

Cited by 17 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…parasuis induced newborn pig tracheal cells apoptosis via a caspase-3 dependent pathway, which was not due to lipooligosaccharide [42]. Overall, our results suggest that CDT is a major virulence factor of H .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Haemophilus parasuis cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis

Niu

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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Haemophilus parasuis is the causative agent of Glasser’s disease in pigs. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) is an important virulence factor of H. parasuis. It is composed of three subunits: CdtA, CdtB and CdtC and all were successfully expressed in soluble form in Escherichia coli when the signal peptides were removed. Purified CdtB had DNase activity, i.e. caused DNA double strand damage, in vitro and in vivo prior to cell arrest and apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis showed CdtB alone could induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in PK-15 porcine kidney and pulmonary alveolar macrophage (PAM) cells, which could be enhanced by CdtA or/and CdtC. CDT holotoxin could lead to significant cell distension, G2 arrest and apoptotic death in PK-15 and PAM cells. The apoptosis induced by CDT holotoxin was significantly inhibited by pifithrin-α, which indicates that it is p53-dependent. The results suggest that H. parasuis CDT holotoxin is a major virulence factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Haemophilus parasuis cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis

Niu

et al. 2017

PLoS ONE

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“…Reproducing GD can be challenging and has primarily been performed in an animal model with highly susceptible pigs (specific pathogen-free, cesarean-derived, colostrum deprived pigs and natural farrow, colostrum-deprived pigs). The experiments have primarily been performed with strains previously classified as virulent (SV1, 5, and 12) or moderately virulent (SV4) (7)(8)(9). Intratracheal inoculation in these piglets can lead to a systemic infection that is much more rapidly progressive than natural GD thus full protection that is achieved by vaccination in this model (10) is likely to translate into full protection in the commercial sphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides fibrinosuppurative polyserositis, interstitial pneumonia, or fibrinosuppurative bronchopneumonia can also be seen in the lungs. Disseminated intravascular coagulation, vascular thrombosis, hemorrhages, congestion, and edema in different organs (mostly lungs and brain) may be present (9). In acute cases, septic shock manifestations are the most common observation (7).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Pathological Lesions Developed in Pigs by a “Non-virulent” Strain of Glaesserella parasuis

et al. 2020

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Glaesserella parasuis is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes Glässer's disease, a common pathology found in young pigs characterized by polyarthritis, polyserositis, and meningitis. The bacterium has 15 known serovars that have been classified by virulence. Serovars 1, 4, 5, and 12 are considered highly virulent and used in most studies. Serovars 3, 6, 7, 9, and 11 are considered avirulent. Recent reports that serovar 7 is an emerging problem in the pig industry indicate that the association of virulence and serovar may not always be reliable. This led us to infect colostrum-deprived piglets with the reference serovar 7 strain (SV7 strain 174) that had been passaged through pigs and characterize the clinical and pathological signs. We observed that SV7 strain 174 caused clinical signs consistent with Glässer's disease in all infected piglets that succumbed to infection for up to day 5 post-infection. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were consistent with those found in piglets infected with conventional virulent serovars. In addition, we describe novel microscopic lesions associated with Glässer's disease such as endophthalmitis and thymic depletion. Thus, our findings indicate that SV7 strain 174 causes classical signs of Glässer's disease in colostrum-deprived piglets and some caution should be used in employing vaccine strategies based on association between capsular serovar and virulence.

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“…To prevent the herd from dissemination and infection, even in small farms, some practices such as early weaning and segregated production are recommended. According to Bello-orti (2014) found some virulent strains in lung and a biofilm-like growth in nasal turbinates and trachea. Indeed, some virulent strains were detected in association with macrophages, neutrophils and inside pneumocyte-like cells, while non-virulent strains were not detected in lung.…”

Section: Principal Epidemiological Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The challenges with Glässer’s disease in technified pig production

Pereira

Dalla-Costa

Ferroni

et al. 2017

Austral j. vet. sci.

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ABSTRACT. The swine upper respiratory tract is early colonised by Haemophilus parasuis, a bacteria which causes Glässer´s disease under favorable conditions. Glässer's disease is a septicemic infectious disease characterised by causing polyserositis. The prevention of Glässer disease still represents a big challenge for the production chain, since the mechanism of systemic infection in pigs and virulence factors that prevent phagocytosis are not yet well understood. Even in swine herds with high sanitary standard, it is the main cause of mortality that has led to productive and economic losses in the pig industry worldwide. Although the H. parasuis genome sequence has been completed already, diagnosis is still difficult due to the existence of non-virulent strains and the early colonisation of the upper respiratory tract of healthy swines. This review aims to provide up-to-date information about the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical signs, gross and microscopic lesions, diagnosis, treatment and control of Glässer's disease.Key words: epidemiology, swine, virulence factors, vaccines. RESUMEN.El tracto respiratorio superior del cerdo es colonizado inicialmente por Haemophilus parasuis, bacteria que en condiciones favorables causa la enfermedad de Glässer. La enfermedad de Glässer es una afección infecciosa que se caracteriza por el desarrollo de poliserositis septicémica. La prevención de esta enfermedad sigue siendo un problema en la producción porcina tecnificada, ya que los mecanismos de virulencia de este microorganismo y los factores sistémicos que impiden la fagocitosis no son bien conocidos. Inclusive en rebaños con un alto estándar de salud, H. parasuis es la principal causa de mortalidad, generando así pérdidas productivas y económicas en la industria porcina a nivel mundial. A pesar de que la secuencia del genoma de H. parasuis se ha completado recientemente, el diagnóstico aún se complica por la existencia de cepas no virulentas y la temprana colonización del tracto respiratorio superior de cerdos sanos. El objetivo de esta revisión es entregar información actualizada respecto de la etiología, epidemiología, patogénesis, signos clínicos, lesiones macroscópicas y microscópicas, diagnóstico, tratamiento y control de la enfermedad de Glässer.

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Time course Haemophilus parasuis infection reveals pathological differences between virulent and non-virulent strains in the respiratory tract

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Haemophilus parasuis cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis

Haemophilus parasuis cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis

New Pathological Lesions Developed in Pigs by a “Non-virulent” Strain of Glaesserella parasuis

The challenges with Glässer’s disease in technified pig production

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Time course Haemophilus parasuis infection reveals pathological differences between virulent and non-virulent strains in the respiratory tract

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Haemophilus parasuis cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis

Haemophilus parasuis cytolethal distending toxin induces cell cycle arrest and p53-dependent apoptosis

New Pathological Lesions Developed in Pigs by a “Non-virulent” Strain of Glaesserella parasuis

The challenges with Glässer&#8217;s disease in technified pig production

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The challenges with Glässer’s disease in technified pig production