Time Course of Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Changes after Electroconvulsive Therapy

Scott, Allan; Douglas, R. H. B.; Whitfield, A. G. W.; Kendell, R. E.

doi:10.1192/bjp.156.4.551

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Mander et al [1987] demonstrated a transient increase (4-6 hr) in T 1 relaxation time. This group later replicated this finding [Scott et al, 1990], but found no change in T 2 relaxation times. Diehl et al [1994] reported an increase in T 2 relaxation time in the thalamus 2 hr after an ECT treatment, that correlated with a measure of verbal anterograde amnesia.…”

supporting

confidence: 73%

Structural and functional neuroimaging of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Nobler

Tenebäck

Nahas

et al. 2000

Depression and Anxiety

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Neuroimaging has long been utilized to provide a measure of the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on brain structure and function as well as to better understand its mechanisms of action. In a similar fashion, functional neuroimaging may provide the means to elucidate both the underlying neurobiological effects and therapeutic potential of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). This article will review findings of neuroimaging studies of both TMS and ECT, concentrating on how such studies may help guide treatment. Depression and Anxiety 12:144–156, 2000. © 2000 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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supporting

confidence: 73%

Structural and functional neuroimaging of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Nobler

Tenebäck

Nahas

et al. 2000

Depression and Anxiety

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“…Until recently, neuroimaging studies failed to show any long-term effects of ECT on brain structure. [1–5] Mandler et al [6] and Scott et al [7] showed an increase in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T 1 relaxation time (a measure of brain water content) acutely after ECT. In a pilot study by Diehl et al ,[8] MRI T 2 relaxation time increased within 2 hours after the second ECT and correlated with short-term memory impairment, though at trend level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

Kunigiri¹,

Jayakumar²,

Janakiramaiah³

et al. 2007

Indian J Psychiatry

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Background:Although electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) causes no structural brain damage, recent studies reported altered brain perfusion acutely following ECT. This is in keeping with brain edema which was noted in animal experiments following electroconvulsive shock.Aim:This study examined alteration in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) T2 relaxation time, a measure of brain edema, and its relation to therapeutic efficacy, orientation and memory impairment with ECT.Materials and Methods:Fifteen drug-naive consenting patients of major depressive disorder with melancholia (DSM-IV) received ECT as first-line treatment. MRI scans were done before the first ECT and at 2 hours after the second ECT. T2 relaxation time was measured bilaterally in thalamus, hippocampus, medial temporal lobes and dorsolateral frontal cortex by a blind rater.Results:Depression scores and memory scores were reduced significantly both after the second and fifth ECT. There was no change in T2 relaxation time after second ECT.Conclusion:The finding suggests that ECT does not produce demonstrable change acutely in brain parenchyma detectable by MRI scans.

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“…Early human and animal studies identified ECT induced changes in T1 and T2 H 2 O relaxation times within human thalamus and cerebrum [62][63][64] as well as in rat cortex [65]. Those changes potentially effect metabolite quantification but have been described as short termed ( hours).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Tool for Electroconvulsive Therapy Effects on the Brain

Sartorius¹,

Henn²

2006

CPSR

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still the most effective treatment not only for psychotic depression, but also for treatment of resistant or other severe forms of major depressive episodes. Nevertheless, the exact nature of the therapeutic effect of ECT is unknown. Modern theories of depression suggest changes of synaptic plasticity especially within the hippocampus. It was hypothesized that such changes may be reflected in changes of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H MRS) detectable signals.The current literature on 1 H MRS studies on ECT effects is small with a large diversity of MRS methods applied, brain regions studied and metabolite changes found. Nevertheless, there is good evidence that changes in neurometabolite concentrations are induced by ECT that can be non invasively monitored by 1 H MRS. There also are pioneering 1 H MRS studies on animal models of depression: the Learned Helplessness model in rats and the chronic social stress model in tree shrews.The proposed review will summarize the current MRS findings in humans and animals and discuss possible interpretations.

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Time Course of Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Changes after Electroconvulsive Therapy

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Structural and functional neuroimaging of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Structural and functional neuroimaging of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation

MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Tool for Electroconvulsive Therapy Effects on the Brain

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Time Course of Cerebral Magnetic Resonance Changes after Electroconvulsive Therapy

Cited by 38 publications

References 8 publications

Structural and functional neuroimaging of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation

Structural and functional neuroimaging of electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation

MRI T 2 relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Monitoring Tool for Electroconvulsive Therapy Effects on the Brain

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MRI T₂ relaxometry of brain regions and cognitive dysfunction following electroconvulsive therapy