Time course of the subjective visual vertical during sustained optokinetic and galvanic vestibular stimulation

Niehof, N.; Perdreau, Florian; Koppen, Mathieu; Medendorp, W. Pieter

doi:10.1152/jn.00083.2019

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Note that tilt signals have been identified in the navigation system (Angelaki et al, 2020), but these cells were not tested during tilt/translation discrimination protocols, thus it is unknown whether they convey a net tilt signal. Although tilt perception is driven by a 3D internal model in humans (Clark & Graybiel, 1966; Merfeld et al, 2001; Niehof et al, 2019a, 2019b; Vingerhoets et al, 2007), whether tilt-selective cells exist outside the NU remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two functionally distinct Purkinje cell populations implement an internal model within a single olivo-cerebellar loop

Laurens

2021

Preprint

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Olivo-cerebellar loops, where anatomical patches of the cerebellar cortex and inferior olive project one onto the other, form an anatomical unit of cerebellar computation. Here, we investigated how successive computational steps map onto olivo-cerebellar loops. Lobules IX-X of the cerebellar vermis, i.e. the nodulus and uvula, implement an internal model of the inner ear's graviceptor, the otolith organs. We have previously identified two populations of Purkinje cells that participate in this computation: Tilt-selective cells transform egocentric rotation signals into allocentric tilt velocity signals, to track head motion relative to gravity, and translation-selective cells encode otolith prediction error. Here we show that, despite very distinct simple spike response properties, both types of Purkinje cells emit complex spikes that are proportional to sensory prediction error. This indicates that both cell populations comprise a single olivo-cerebellar loop, in which only translation-selective cells project to the inferior olive. We propose a neural network model where sensory prediction errors computed by translation-selective cells are used as a teaching signal for both populations, and demonstrate that this network can learn to implement an internal model of the otoliths.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although tilt perception is driven by a 3D internal model in humans (Clark & Graybiel, 1966;Merfeld et al, 2001;Niehof et al, 2019aNiehof et al, , 2019bVingerhoets et al, 2007), whether tilt-selective cells exist outside the NU remains unknown.…”

Section: Neuronal and Behavioural Outputs Of The Numentioning

confidence: 99%

Two functionally distinct Purkinje cell populations implement an internal model within a single olivo-cerebellar loop

Laurens

2021

Preprint

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“…10 healthy participants (4 male and 6 female between the ages of [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39] with no known history of neurological disease or injury participated in this study. Prior to participation, the experimental protocol was explained and participant's informed written consent obtained.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theory predicts that by combining cues in this manner, the brain can achieve a statistically optimal inference such that its variance is minimized [21,22]. Near optimal combination of visual and vestibular motion signals has been observed during translational self-motion perception [23], (For review see: [24,25]) and has been used successfully to model visual and vestibular interactions during angular motion [26][27][28], suggesting the brain may indeed achieve an optimal internal representation of the angular velocity of the head through a variance based weighting scheme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variance based weighting of multisensory head rotation signals for verticality perception

et al. 2020

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We tested the hypothesis that the brain uses a variance-based weighting of multisensory cues to estimate head rotation to perceive which way is up. The hypothesis predicts that the known bias in perceived vertical, which occurs when the visual environment is rotated in a vertical-plane, will be reduced by the addition of visual noise. Ten healthy participants sat head-fixed in front of a vertical screen presenting an annulus filled with coloured dots, which could rotate clockwise or counterclockwise at six angular velocities (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 16˚/s) and with six levels of noise (0, 25, 50, 60, 75, 80%). Participants were required to keep a central bar vertical by rotating a hand-held dial. Continuous adjustments of the bar were required to counteract low-amplitude low-frequency noise that was added to the bar's angular position. During visual rotation, the bias in verticality perception increased over time to reach an asymptotic value. Increases in visual rotation velocity significantly increased this bias, while the addition of visual noise significantly reduced it, but did not affect perception of visual rotation velocity. The biasing phenomena were reproduced by a model that uses a multisensory variance-weighted estimate of head rotation velocity combined with a gravito-inertial acceleration signal (GIA) from the vestibular otoliths. The time-dependent asymptotic behaviour depends on internal feedback loops that act to pull the brain's estimate of gravity direction towards the GIA signal. The model's prediction of our experimental data furthers our understanding of the neural processes underlying human verticality perception.

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“…The direction of gravity cannot be directly sensed; instead, it is estimated in the brain based on several types of sensory information. Numerous psychophysical studies have demonstrated the involvement of visual [1][2][3], somatosensory [4][5][6], and vestibular sensory signals [3,7] in estimates of gravitational direction. Moreover, recent studies using computational modeling have shown that the central nervous system (CNS) weighs and combines these multisensory signals with prior knowledge and experience about the earth-vertical direction in a statistically optimal manner to resolve sensory ambiguity [7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic arm movements attenuate the perceptual distortion of visual vertical induced during prolonged whole-body tilt

et al. 2021

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Concurrent body movements have been shown to enhance the accuracy of spatial judgment, but it remains unclear whether they also contribute to perceptual estimates of gravitational space not involving body movements. To address this, we evaluated the effects of static or dynamic arm movements during prolonged whole-body tilt on the subsequent perceptual estimates of visual or postural vertical. In Experiment 1, participants were asked to continuously perform static or dynamic arm movements during prolonged tilt, and we assessed their effects on the prolonged tilt-induced shifts of subjective visual vertical (SVV) at a tilted position (during-tilt session) or near upright (post-tilt session). In Experiment 2, we evaluated how static or dynamic arm movements during prolonged tilt subsequently affected the subjective postural vertical (SPV). In Experiment 1, we observed that the SVV was significantly shifted toward the direction of prolonged tilt in both sessions. The SVV shifts decreased when performing dynamic arm movements in the during-tilt session, but not in the post-tilt session. In Experiment 2, as well as SVV, the SPV was shifted toward the direction of prolonged tilt, but it was not significantly attenuated by the performance of static or dynamic arm movements. The results of the during-tilt session suggest that the central nervous system utilizes additional information generated by dynamic body movements for perceptual estimates of visual vertical.

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Time course of the subjective visual vertical during sustained optokinetic and galvanic vestibular stimulation

Cited by 11 publications

References 43 publications

Two functionally distinct Purkinje cell populations implement an internal model within a single olivo-cerebellar loop

Two functionally distinct Purkinje cell populations implement an internal model within a single olivo-cerebellar loop

Variance based weighting of multisensory head rotation signals for verticality perception

Dynamic arm movements attenuate the perceptual distortion of visual vertical induced during prolonged whole-body tilt

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