Time course of transmembrane voltage induced by time-varying electric fields—a method for theoretical analysis and its application

On the origin of the deviation from the first-order kinetics in inactivation of microbial cells by pulsed electric fields

“…In dilute suspension of cells, parameter f is close to 1 (Kotnik et al, 1998). So, the cell transmembrane potentials u m in suspension of cells depend on the cell diameter d c and angle θ and for the single cell value of u m is maximal at cell poles and decreases to zero at θ = ±π/2.…”

Therapeutic Applications of Electroporation

“…This can subsequently lead to electroporation and related phenomenon in case of cell membranes Dimitrov (1995);Pohl (1978). Membranes have low polarizability (relative dielectric constant about 5) and low conductivity (3×10 −7 S/m) Kotnik et al (1998). The cell membrane is generally bounded (externally and internally) by a medium of high dielectric constant (about 80) and a high conductivity (about 1.2 S/m).…”

Finite Element Modeling of in Vivo Electroporation

“…Namely, cell membrane charging time is in the order of microseconds, and typical pulses used for electropermeabilization of cell membrane are 100 microseconds long, with the amplitude of around 500 V/cm (Kotnik et al, 1997;Kotnik et al, 1998). It has been found that if pulses of much higher amplitude (e.g.…”