Time course of vitamin E repletion in the premature infant

Kelly, Frank J.; Rodgers, Wendy; Handel, Jeffrey; Smith, Susan; Hall, Martin

doi:10.1079/bjn19900149

Cited by 78 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…RBC concentrations of TOH re¯ect vitamin E intakes more closely than plasma levels do (Mino et al, 1985). In a study that compared the responses of plasma and RBC TOH levels to vitamin E intakes in term and preterm newborns, it was observed that RBC TOHs showed an increase in preterm infants ®ve weeks before plasma values did (Kelly et al, 1990). In contrast, plasma TOHs had increased substantially in term neonates by day 8 (Kelly et al, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study that compared the responses of plasma and RBC TOH levels to vitamin E intakes in term and preterm newborns, it was observed that RBC TOHs showed an increase in preterm infants ®ve weeks before plasma values did (Kelly et al, 1990). In contrast, plasma TOHs had increased substantially in term neonates by day 8 (Kelly et al, 1990). In cases where the monitoring of TOH status is indicated, for example in preterm infants who are at risk of oxidative stress, RBC TOH levels may provide a more sensitive indicator than plasma levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids in maternal and cord blood plasma

et al. 1999

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Objectives: To determine the levels of tocopherols, retinol and carotenoids in maternal and umbilical cord blood plasma and to investigate the relationships between them. Design: Venous blood plasma concentrations of a, g and d-tocopherol, retinol, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, bcryptoxanthin, a and b-carotene were determined by HPLC in healthy pregnant women and in pair-matched umbilical cords. Plasma levels of triglycerides and cholesterol were also measured. Subjects: Sixty-six women, between 10 and 20 weeks gestation, were recruited randomly during their ®rst antenatal appointment. From this group, 40 pair-matched umbilical cord blood samples were obtained. Results: Tocopherols, retinol, carotenoids and lipids were present in signi®cantly higher (P`0.001) concentrations in maternal plasma than in cord plasma. There was a signi®cant correlation (r 0.45, P`0.005) between maternal and cord levels of g-tocopherol, but not of a-tocopherol, retinol or carotenoids. Tocopherols and carotenoids were signi®cantly correlated with each other (P`0.05) in maternal and cord plasma. Cconclusions: Plasma levels of tocopherols, carotenoids and lipids are substantially lower at birth than in adulthood. There is a clear relationship between g-tocopherol levels in maternal and cord plasma. The importance of g-tocopherol in human nutrition should be further investigated. There are no signi®cant relationships between plasma a-tocopherol and carotenoids in pregnant mothers and cords. More research is needed to elucidate the maternal-foetal transfer of tocopherols and carotenoids, and to examine the impact of maternal antioxidant nutrient status on neonatal antioxidant capacity. It is important to determine if a low level of tocopherols and carotenoids at birth is a normal stage of human development or indicative of de®ciency.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids in maternal and cord blood plasma

et al. 1999

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“…Infants are born with signi®cantly lower plasma levels of a-tocopherol and retinol than their mothers, but erythrocyte a-tocopherol levels are similar in neonates and mothers (Vobecky et al, 1982;Ostrea et al, 1986;Kelly et al, 1990;Kaempf et al, 1994;Jain et al, 1996). Low plasma a-tocopherol concentrations in neonates are due, mainly, to low plasma lipid levels (Ha Èga & Kran, 1982).…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasma and erythrocyte α-tocopherol and plasma retinol concentrations in term infants fed formula enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

et al. 1998

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Objective: To assess the effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA)-and vitamin Esupplemented formula feeding on erythrocyte and plasma a-tocopherol (VE), and plasma retinol (VA) concentrations in neonates and to compare these values with those found in infants feeding on infant formula without LCPUFA or breast milk Setting: University Hospital of Granada, Spain. Subjects: 49 full-term infants. Design and intervention: Subjects who chose not to breast feed were fed either (i) unsupplemented infant formula (F) or (ii) infant formula supplemented with LCPUFA and vitamin E (FL). a-Tocopherol and retinol were measured at 7 days, 1 month and 3 months. Results: Plasma and erythrocyte VE concentrations and plasma VE/total lipids ratio increased signi®cantly in all groups at 1 month of life (P`0.05), but did not change signi®cantly between 1 month and 3 months in any group (P b 0.05). Erythrocyte VE and VA retinol concentrations were higher in infants fed an infant formula than in breast milk-fed infants at 1 month of life (P`0.05). Finally, there were no signi®cant differences in plasma or erythrocyte VE levels, plasma VA or plasma VE/total lipid ratio between any groups at 3 months of life (P b 0.05). Conclusion: Infants fed on LCPUFA-and vitamin E-supplemented infant formula for 3 months have similar vitamin E and A status to infants fed on breast milk or infant formula without LCPUFA supplementation.

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“…In term neonates, plasma vitamin E concentrations increase rapidly following the feeding of colostrum which contains high concentrations of vitamin E (Ostrea et al 1986). In sick preterm infants, deprived of colostrum because of intense management of their respiratory insufficiency, plasma vitamin E concentrations rise much more slowly (Bell et al 1979;Gross & Gabriel, 1985;Kelly et al 1990h). These observations have led a number of workers to suggest that the preterm neonate is born with low concentrations of vitamin E, both circulating and in the tissues, and that is why these infants are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress.…”

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Tissue α-tocopherol status during late fetal and early neonatal life of the guinea-pig

1992

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The a-tocopherol content of a number of different fetal, neonatal and maternal guinea-pig tissues was determined and compared with plasma and erythrocyte a-tocopherol values. During late gestation, the fetal liver appears to act as a storage site for a-tocopherol, the majority of which is released immediately following birth. In contrast, lung and brain vitamin E levels are relatively constant over the final period of gestation and during early neonatal life. The ontogeny of a-tocopherol in brain and lung was similar to that for erythrocytes while plasma a-tocopherol content varied considerably and did not accurately reflect tissue a-tocopherol status. Surprisingly, fetal and maternal lung a-tocopherol concentrations were similar at all time-points considered, whereas fetal liver a-tocopherol status was always considerably greater than maternal liver a-tocopherol content. These results, if representative of the human fetus, suggest that preterm infants may not have tissue a-tocopherol concentrations as low as previously assumed and that during the perinatal period erythrocyte a-tocopherol content is a more accurate indicator of tissue a-tocopherol concentration than plasma a-tocopherol content.Vitamin E: Fetus: Chronic lung disease: Prematurity : Guinea-pigThe newborn infant has low circulating levels of vitamin E (Dju et al. 1958;Mino et al. 1977; Kelly et al. 1990b). In term neonates, plasma vitamin E concentrations increase rapidly following the feeding of colostrum which contains high concentrations of vitamin E (Ostrea et al. 1986). In sick preterm infants, deprived of colostrum because of intense management of their respiratory insufficiency, plasma vitamin E concentrations rise much more slowly (Bell et al. 1979;Gross & Gabriel, 1985;Kelly et al. 1990h). These observations have led a number of workers to suggest that the preterm neonate is born with low concentrations of vitamin E, both circulating and in the tissues, and that is why these infants are particularly sensitive to oxidative stress. In particular, association has been made between deficiency of vitamin E and chronic lung disease (Ehrenkranz et al. 1982), intraventricular haemorrhage (Chiswick et al. 1983;Speer et al. 1984) and retinopathy of prematurity (Owens & Owens, 1949; Johnston et al. 1974;Hittner et al. 1981).Vitamin E is situated primarily in membranes of cells, where it protects polyunsaturated fatty acids from free-radical-induced oxidative damage (Mason & Filer, 1947;McCay et al. 1972). Knowledge of membrane vitamin E concentration is, therefore, important when investigating the role of this vitamin in neonatal diseases. Due to ethical and practical difficulties of working with sick preterm infants, little information is available regarding vitamin E status of their tissues. From the few studies available it appears that the human fetus has low tissue concentrations of vitamin E, and these only increase following initiation of feeding at birth (Dju & Mason, 1952;Dju et a[. 1958;Mino et a!. 1977).Recently, Mino et al. (1985) suggest...

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Time course of vitamin E repletion in the premature infant

Cited by 78 publications

References 22 publications

Concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids in maternal and cord blood plasma

Concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids in maternal and cord blood plasma

Plasma and erythrocyte α-tocopherol and plasma retinol concentrations in term infants fed formula enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids

Tissue α-tocopherol status during late fetal and early neonatal life of the guinea-pig

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