Time-course study and partial characterization of a protein on hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi during active colonization of roots

Abstract

Material on the surface of hyphal walls of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) during active colonization of plant roots was detected by a monoclonal antibody. Pot-cultured isolates of Glomus, Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora, and Entrophospora had immunofluorescent material (IM) on younger, thinner, intact hyphae, but IM was scant to absent on thicker, melanized or lysing hyphae. Colonization of corn (Zea mays L.), Sudangrass (Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Staph.) or red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) was examined during 5 months of plant growth by removing cores and performing an indirect immunoassay on roots with attached hyphae. Fresh spores of some Glomus spp. had IM on the outer layer of the spore wall. Abundant IM was seen on root hairs of plants colonized by some isolates, and some IM was detected on root surfaces of all plants examined even during early colonization. After cultures were dried, hyphae, roots and spores had little to no IM. Uninoculated control roots had very rare, small patches of IM. An immunoreactive protein was extracted from hyphae of Gigaspora and Glomus isolates by using 20 mM citrate (pH 7.0) at 121 °C for 90 min. Gel electrophoresis profiles indicated that all isolates tested had the same banding patterns. Lectin-binding of extracted protein is suggestive of a glycoprotein. The immunofluorescence assay can be used to examine root sections for active colonization by AMF, and the potential use of the protein to quantify AMF activity in soil is discussed.

Biological Properties and Organic Matter Dynamics of Soil in Pasture and Natural Regeneration Areas in the Atlantic Forest Biome

“…After autoclave protocols, both GRSP fractions were centrifuged at 5,000 g for 20 min to quantify protein in the supernatant. GRSP was quantified using the Bradford method (Bradford, 1976), modified by Wright et al (1996) (available at http://www.usda.gov), using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a standard. The GRSP concentrations for both fractions were corrected to mg g -1 of soil considering the total volume of supernatant and soil dry matter.…”

“…In addition, they affect the physical properties of soil by mechanisms such as production of glomalin, a protein that serves as a binding agent for soil particles, promoting aggregate formation and stability (Wright et al, 1996;Morell et al, 2009). Given its role in aggregation, glomalin contributes significantly to ecosystem sustainability (Sousa et al, 2012), enhancing water infiltration, gas exchange, and root growth, decreasing erosion and increasing C storage capability (Rillig et al, 1999;Sousa et al, 2012).…”

Impact of abiotic factors on development of the community of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the soil: a Review

“…AMF do not only support plants in the uptake of nutritious elements but also produce glomalin, a protein valuable for plants. This glycoprotein commonly occurs in the soil and is a store for carbon whose source is atmospheric CO 2 (Wright et al, 1996). Glomalins constitute nearly 30% of carbon content in the soil and about 2% of the total weight of soil aggregates (Nichols, 2004).…”

“…Glomalins constitute nearly 30% of carbon content in the soil and about 2% of the total weight of soil aggregates (Nichols, 2004). The physico-chemical properties of glomalin such as insolubility, viscosity and hydrophobicity can initiate and protect the appearing soil aggregates and improve the hydrophobic properties of soil particles allowing air permeation and water flow (Gałązka and Gawryjołek, 2015;Wright and Anderson, 2000;Wright et al, 1996). Glycoproteins cover the soil aggregates and protect them from being broken up by forming a characteristic coat on their surface (Wright and Anderson 2000).…”

Impacts of Soil Type on Microbial Community from Paddy Soils in Gyeongnam Province

“…토양에 서 미생물들은 유기물을 분해하여 영양분을 얻고, 다당류 물질을 분비하여 토양을 입단구조로 변화 시키며 항생물질 을 분비하여 유해한 미생물로부터 작물을 지켜준다 (Altieri, 2002;Waldrop et al, 2000;Wright et al, 1996). 이러한 토 양 미생물의 다양성을 평가하고 유지하는 것은 친환경농업 을 추진하기 위한 기본적인 요건이라 할 수 있다 (Lee et al, 2011a;Lee et al, 2011b).…”