Time-dependent effects of rapamycin on consolidation of predator stress-induced hyperarousal

Fifield, Kathleen E.; Hebert, Mark; Williams, Kimberly; Linehan, Victoria; Whiteman, Jesse D.; Callum, Phillip Mac; Blundell, Jacqueline

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2015.02.045

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Second, the brain structures and cell types harboring these changes have yet to be identified. And, third, it remains unclear if fear memory following exposure of social and predatory threats is truly a pure associative type of learning, because also nonassociative components like generalized hyperarousal have been described (Fifield et al 2015).…”

Section: Environment-appropriate Fear Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural circuits of innate fear: detection, integration, action, and memorization

2016

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How fear is represented in the brain has generated a lot of research attention, not only because fear increases the chances for survival when appropriately expressed but also because it can lead to anxiety and stress-related disorders when inadequately processed. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the understanding of the neural circuits processing innate fear in rodents. We propose that these circuits are contained within three main functional units in the brain: a detection unit, responsible for gathering sensory information signaling the presence of a threat; an integration unit, responsible for incorporating the various sensory information and recruiting downstream effectors; and an output unit, in charge of initiating appropriate bodily and behavioral responses to the threatful stimulus. In parallel, the experience of innate fear also instructs a learning process leading to the memorization of the fearful event. Interestingly, while the detection, integration, and output units processing acute fear responses to different threats tend to be harbored in distinct brain circuits, memory encoding of these threats seems to rely on a shared learning system.

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Section: Environment-appropriate Fear Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The neural circuits of innate fear: detection, integration, action, and memorization

2016

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“…mTOR is a central integrator of various signaling pathways, such as different forms of synaptic plasticity and long-term memory formation, and mediates the consolidation of fear memories 38 – 40 . The consolidation of fear memories is required for the elevation of phosphorylated downstream targets of mTOR (p70s6k and 4E-BPs) in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex 41 . However, mTOR was upregulated, regardless of the downregulation of the synaptic plasticity (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predation threats for a 24-h period activated the extension of axons in the brains of Xenopus tadpoles

Mori

Kitani

Hatakeyama

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The threat of predation is a driving force in the evolution of animals. We have previously reported that Xenopus laevis enhanced their tail muscles and increased their swimming speeds in the presence of Japanese larval salamander predators. Herein, we investigated the induced gene expression changes in the brains of tadpoles under the threat of predation using 3′-tag digital gene expression profiling. We found that many muscle genes were expressed after 24 h of exposure to predation. Ingenuity pathway analysis further showed that after 24 h of a predation threat, various signal transduction genes were stimulated, such as those affecting the actin cytoskeleton and CREB pathways, and that these might increase microtubule dynamics, axonogenesis, cognition, and memory. To verify the increase in microtubule dynamics, DiI was inserted through the tadpole nostrils. Extension of the axons was clearly observed from the nostril to the diencephalon and was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.0001) after 24 h of exposure to predation, compared with that of the control. The dynamic changes in the signal transductions appeared to bring about new connections in the neural networks, as suggested by the microtubule dynamics. These connections may result in improved memory and cognition abilities, and subsequently increase survivability.

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“…More recent work by Blundell and her co-workers has focused on mechanistic and behavioral approaches toward improving our understanding of the formation and persistence of a "traumatic" memory, enhancing its extinction in cat-exposed rodents and preventing the development of PTSD-like behavioral changes (Clay et al, 2011;Fifield et al, 2013;Fifield et al, 2015;Mac Callum et al, 2014).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 97%

Predator-based psychosocial stress animal model of PTSD: Preclinical assessment of traumatic stress at cognitive, hormonal, pharmacological, cardiovascular and epigenetic levels of analysis

Zoladz

Diamond

2016

Experimental Neurology

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Time-dependent effects of rapamycin on consolidation of predator stress-induced hyperarousal

Cited by 9 publications

References 35 publications

The neural circuits of innate fear: detection, integration, action, and memorization

The neural circuits of innate fear: detection, integration, action, and memorization

Predation threats for a 24-h period activated the extension of axons in the brains of Xenopus tadpoles

Predator-based psychosocial stress animal model of PTSD: Preclinical assessment of traumatic stress at cognitive, hormonal, pharmacological, cardiovascular and epigenetic levels of analysis

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