Time Dependent Influence of Diazepam on the Pharmacokinetics of Ibuprofen in Man

Bapuji, A. T.; Rambhau, D.; Srinivasu, P.; Rao, B. Ramesh; Apte, S. S.

doi:10.1515/dmdi.1999.15.1.71

Cited by 11 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 14 publications

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“…The average dose given to humans is 7 mg/kg, therapeutic serum concentrations range between 15 and 30 mg/L, 26 and the half-life is 2 hr. 1 The S(ϩ) isomer of ibuprofen is reported to be twice as potent as the racemic mixture in its analgesic and anesthetic properties. 2 Although pain studies have not been performed to evaluate the efficacy of ibuprofen or other NSAIDS in elephants, it is assumed that modulation of nociceptive pathways and prostaglandin synthesis are relatively well conserved between placental mammalian species and that ibuprofen's antiinflammatory and analgesic properties are similar in different species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetics of Orally Administered Ibuprofen in African and Asian Elephants (Loxodonta Africana and Elephas Maximus)

Bechert¹,

Christensen²

2007

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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The pharmacokinetic parameters of S(+) and R(-) ibuprofen were determined in 20 elephants after oral administration of preliminary 4-, 5-, and 6-mg/kg doses of racemic ibuprofen. Following administration of 4 mg/kg ibuprofen, serum concentrations of ibuprofen peaked at 5 hr at 3.9 +/- 2.07 microg/ml R(-) and 10.65 +/- 5.64 microg/ml S(+) (mean +/- SD) in African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and at 3 hr at 5.14 +/- 1.39 microg/ml R(-) and 13.77 +/- 3.75 microg/ml S(+) in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus), respectively. Six-milligram/kilogram dosages resulted in peak serum concentrations of 5.91 +/- 2.17 microg/ml R(-) and 14.82 +/- 9.71 microg/ml S(+) in African elephants, and 5.72 +/- 1.60 microg/ml R(-) and 18.32 +/- 10.35 microg/ml S(+) in Asian elephants. Ibuprofen was eliminated with first-order kinetics characteristic of a single-compartment model with a half-life of 2.2-2.4 hr R(-) and 4.5-5.1 hr S(+) in African elephants and 2.4-2.9 hr R(-) and 5.9-7.7 hr S(+) in Asian elephants. Serum concentrations of R(-) ibuprofen were undetectable at 24 hr, whereas S(+) ibuprofen decreased to below 5 microg/ml 24 hr postadministration in all elephants. The volume of distribution was estimated to be between 322 and 356 ml/kg R(-) and 133 and 173 ml/kg S(+) in Asian elephants and 360-431 ml/kg R(-) and 179-207 ml/kg S(+) in African elephants. Steady-state serum concentrations of ibuprofen ranged from 2.2 to 10.5 microg/ml R(-) and 5.5 to 32.0 microg/ml S(+) (mean: 5.17 +/- 0.7 R(-) and 13.95 +/- 0.9 S(+) microg/ml in African elephants and 5.0 +/- 1.09 microg/ml R(-) and 14.1 +/- 2.8 microg/ml S(+) in Asian elephants). Racemic ibuprofen administered at 6 mg/kg/12 hr for Asian elephants and at 7 mg/kg/12 hr for African elephants results in therapeutic serum concentrations of this antiinflammatory agent.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%