Time-dependent influence on assessment of contaminated environmental surfaces in operating rooms

Saito, Yasufumi; Yasuhara, Hiroshi; Murakoshi, S.; Komatsu, Takami; Fukatsu, Kazuhiko; Uetera, Yushi

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2015.04.196

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…While modern operating rooms are expected to have aseptic environments, several studies have already reported microbial presence in ORs using culture-dependent methods, pulse-field gel electrophoresis, fluorescent particle counting, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing [ 10 , 20 , 21 ]. In the present study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to show that OR dust, collected right after a C-section procedure, contains bacteria similar to human skin microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first microbial environment of infants born by C-section: the operating room microbes

et al. 2015

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BackgroundNewborns delivered by C-section acquire human skin microbes just after birth, but the sources remain unknown. We hypothesized that the operating room (OR) environment contains human skin bacteria that could be seeding C-section born infants.ResultsTo test this hypothesis, we sampled 11 sites in four operating rooms from three hospitals in two cities. Following a C-section procedure, we swabbed OR floors, walls, ventilation grids, armrests, and lamps. We sequenced the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of 44 samples using Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were analyzed using the QIIME pipeline. Only 68 % of the samples (30/44, >1000 sequences per site) yielded sufficient DNA reads to be analyzed. The bacterial content of OR dust corresponded to human skin bacteria, with dominance of Staphylococcus and Corynebacterium. Diversity of bacteria was the highest in the ventilation grids and walls but was also present on top of the surgery lamps. Beta diversity analyses showed OR dust bacterial content clustering first by city and then by hospital (t test using unweighted UniFrac distances, p < 0.05).ConclusionsWe conclude that the dust from ORs, collected right after a C-section procedure, contains deposits of human skin bacteria. The OR microbiota is the first environment for C-section newborns, and OR microbes might be seeding the microbiome in these babies. Further studies are required to identify how this OR microbiome exposure contributes to the seeding of the neonatal microbiome. The results might be relevant to infant health, if the current increase in risk of immune and metabolic diseases in industrialized societies is related to lack of natural exposure to the vaginal microbiome during labor and birth.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40168-015-0126-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first microbial environment of infants born by C-section: the operating room microbes

et al. 2015

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“…Of these, 174 were selected for full-text review, of which 99 did not meet our criteria and were excluded, leaving a total of 75 studies in the final analysis (figure 1). 16–90…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of studies (50) reported primarily on device contamination rates (mostly using cross-sectional samples) 17–23 26 29 32–36 38 41–46 49 50 52–56 60 62 64–66 68–76 81–86 90. Another 25 studies used interventional designs16 24 25 27 28 30 31 37 39 40 47 48 57–59 61 63 67 77–80 87–89; most reported contamination rates before and after a disinfection or cleaning process (and therefore also contributed data on baseline contamination rates).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

What’s on your keyboard? A systematic review of the contamination of peripheral computer devices in healthcare settings

et al. 2019

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ObjectiveTo determine the extent and type of microbial contamination of computer peripheral devices used in healthcare settings, evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce contamination of these devices and establish the risk of patient and healthcare worker infection from contaminated devices.DesignSystematic reviewMethodsWe searched four online databases: MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase and Scopus for articles reporting primary data collection on contamination of computer-related equipment (including keyboards, mice, laptops and tablets) and/or studies demonstrating the effectiveness of a disinfection technique. Pooling of contamination rates was conducted where possible, and narrative synthesis was used to describe the rates of device contamination, types of bacterial and viral contamination, effectiveness of interventions and any associations between device contamination and human infections.ResultsOf the 4432 records identified, a total of 75 studies involving 2804 computer devices were included. Of these, 50 studies reported contamination of computer-related hardware, and 25 also measured the effects of a decontamination intervention. The overall proportion of contamination ranged from 24% to 100%. The most common microbial contaminants were skin commensals, but also included potential pathogens including methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus,Clostridiumdifficile, vancomycin-resistantenterococci andEscherichia coli. Interventions demonstrating effective decontamination included wipes/pads using isopropyl alcohol, quaternary ammonium, chlorhexidine or dipotassium peroxodisulfate, ultraviolet light emitting devices, enhanced cleaning protocols and chlorine/bleach products. However, results were inconsistent, and there was insufficient data to demonstrate comparative effectiveness. We found little evidence on the link between device contamination and patient/healthcare worker colonisation or infection.ConclusionsComputer keyboards and peripheral devices are frequently contaminated; however, our findings do not allow us to draw firm conclusions about their relative impact on the transmission of pathogens or nosocomial infection. Additional studies measuring the incidence of healthcare-acquired infections from computer hardware, the relative risk they pose to healthcare and evidence for effective and practical cleaning methods are needed.

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“…Link’s team discovered that the profound contact areas are highly contaminated, except for the frequently touched surgical table. In 2015, Saito et al ( 2015 ) further (Link et al 2016 ) studied by conducting a time-dependent approach, using both adenosine triphosphate (ATP) test and bacterial culture. Saito et al ( 2015 ) encountered similar findings, and they further concluded that the ATP test could be utilised as a stable trace of contamination on environmental surfaces.…”

Section: Current Assessment Of Airflow and Particle Concentration In ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Current and potential approaches on assessing airflow and particle dispersion in healthcare facilities: a systematic review

Tan

Wong

Othman

et al. 2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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An indoor environment in a hospital building requires a high indoor air quality (IAQ) to overcome patients’ risks of getting wound infections without interrupting the recovery process. However, several problems arose in obtaining a satisfactory IAQ, such as poor ventilation design strategies, insufficient air exchange, improper medical equipment placement and high door opening frequency. This paper presents an overview of various methods used for assessing the IAQ in hospital facilities, especially in an operating room, isolation room, anteroom, postoperative room, inpatient room and dentistry room. This review shows that both experimental and numerical methods demonstrated their advantages in the IAQ assessment. It was revealed that both airflow and particle tracking models could result in different particle dispersion predictions. The model selection should depend on the compatibility of the simulated result with the experimental measurement data. The primary and secondary forces affecting the characteristics of particle dispersion were also discussed in detail. The main contributing forces to the trajectory characteristics of a particle could be attributed to the gravitational force and drag force regardless of particle size. Meanwhile, the additional forces could be considered when there involves temperature gradient, intense light source, submicron particle, etc. The particle size concerned in a healthcare facility should be less than 20 μm as this particle size range showed a closer relationship with the virus load and a higher tendency to remain airborne. Also, further research opportunities that reflect a more realistic approach and improvement in the current assessment approach were proposed.

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Time-dependent influence on assessment of contaminated environmental surfaces in operating rooms

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

The first microbial environment of infants born by C-section: the operating room microbes

The first microbial environment of infants born by C-section: the operating room microbes

What’s on your keyboard? A systematic review of the contamination of peripheral computer devices in healthcare settings

Current and potential approaches on assessing airflow and particle dispersion in healthcare facilities: a systematic review

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