Time-dependent material flow analysis of iron and steel in the UK

Revealing Final Destination of Special Steel Materials with Input-Output-Based Material Flow Analysis

“…11,12) To understand the circumstances around steel, studies applying material flow analysis (MFA) and stock accounting have been reported. These studies focused not only on steel itself [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] but also on accompanying elements 2,3,7,8,12,[28][29][30][31] over the last several decades. Researchers have conducted short-term (static) and long-term analyses.…”

A framework for material flow assessment in manufacturing systems

“…Material efficiency has been described as the provision of a product or service with less material production [6]. This has clear environmental benefits if the amount of the same material previously required for the manufacture of a product is reduced as the associated impacts for that material will also be proportionally reduced.…”

“…A number of methods and techniques can be employed during the design stage that can improve the material efficiency of a product, such as material elimination, minimisation or substitution, however these will often be visible to the consumer and will require cross departmental approval as well as technical and market trials. During production, material efficiency may be improved without altering the final product by reducing yield losses: the amount of material lost during manufacturing processes, for example, through subtractive processing or through quality control failures [6]. This may be achieved by examining and optimising individual processes; by substituting processes for those with improved yield; or by altering the material flow through an entire production system.…”

Prediction Model of Global Demand for Iron Source by Utility of Stock Hypothesis—Verification of Predictive Power and Outlook for Demand to 2050—

“…4,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] This study uses total world figures, which has advantages as follows. Although it is difficult to make a reliable estimation of the consumption of metals by country because of indirect trade of metal containing final goods such as automobile, it is easier to estimate the world consumption.…”

“…need less and less material resources per unit of GDP. 13,16,22) However, some of those extant studies, for example Vurren et al, 13) point out at the same time that the Intensity of Use hypothesis is not effective for the total world figures (1 one-region world model). Furthermore, the Intensity of Use hypothesis is effective for some countries, but is not so much effective for other countries.…”