Time-dependent variation of lead isotopes of lead white in 17th century Dutch paintings

D’Imporzano, Paolo; Keune, Katrien; Koornneef, Janne M.; Hermens, Erma; Noble, Petria; Vandivere, Abbie; Davies, Gareth R.

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abi5905

Cited by 9 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Based on geochemical province theory and the latest summary of lead isotope distribution in China, the values fall entirely within the lead isotope zone of North China, and the possibility of coming from other regions of China is almost excluded (Hsu & Sabatini, 2019;Zhu, 1995). In addition, the values of 206 Pb/ 204 Pb and 208 Pb/ 204 Pb were comparatively lower than those used in European paintings (D'Imporzano et al, 2021). Thus, this lead white was probably made in Northern China using local lead mineral resources.…”

Section: Lead and Carbon Isotope Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Han

Hao

et al. 2023

Archaeometry

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In practice, correction fluid to mask text errors has been continuously in demand since papers began to be predominantly used since the late fourth century AD in ancient China. However, research on the trajectory of correction fluid composition has been largely overlooked and has not been revealed currently. In this study, a multianalytical approach was used to investigate a thin whiteout layer, used as correction fluids applied in 1890, on a book page from the famous Imperial Encyclopedia (1726 bronze‐type repaint version). The results showed that the white layer was composed of hydrocerussite ((PbCO3)2·Pb (OH)2) in mixture with plant oil and a tiny portion of calcium carbonate, which had been applied to conceal the originally printed Chinese characters upon which they were rewritten in preparing photographic negatives for reprinting using photolithography. The analysis results also suggest that lead white was likely domestically made using a local lead ore source by the wet synthetic process. Considering the prolonged use of orpiment (As2S3) as a correction fluid ingredient in Chinese tradition, a trajectory to lead white suggests not only advances in pulping and papermaking technology but also a shift in cultural habits and aesthetic psychology in the late Qing Dynasty.

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Section: Lead and Carbon Isotope Analysismentioning

confidence: 93%

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Han

Hao

et al. 2023

Archaeometry

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show abstract

“…Subsequently Pb purification was conducted in the clean lab at the Vrije Universiteit. Following the method outlined in detail in D’Imporzano et al (2020, 2021) the samples were dissolved in 14 N HNO 3 before HBr‐based chromatography. Isotopic analyses were preformed using a ThermoScientific Neptune multi‐collector inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometer.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A long‐distance copper alloy trade to the North Eastern Baltic during the late pre‐Roman and Roman Iron Age (250 BCE–450 CE) explored with lead isotope MC‐ICP‐MS

Roxburgh

2023

Archaeometry

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The North Eastern Baltic has no copper resources of its own, meaning that Cu alloy was imported either as raw material or as finished objects. The north‐eastern coastline of Estonia during the late pre‐Roman and Roman Iron Age was connected to the south by sea to the long‐distance ‘amber’ trade route and to the east by Russian river systems. This study quantitatively assesses the direction of the Cu alloy supply in the region before and after brass enters circulation at the beginning of the Roman Iron Age. After an initial portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF) survey, 18 objects were chosen for Pb isotope analysis. This isotope analysis resolved a group of nine brass artefacts from the Roman Iron Age amongst a ‘melting pot’ of other Cu alloys. The similarity between the isotope ratios found in the Roman world suggests the presence of the same ‘melting pot’ in the North Eastern Baltic, possibly created by a large amount of Roman Cu alloy being traded north. No evidence for Cu alloy from Scandinavia or the Ural Mountains could be found. The hypothesis from this small study is that the Cu alloy entering Estonia was dominated by metal from Southern Europe from the late pre‐Roman Iron Age and the Roman period.

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Lead Isotope Ratios of Lead White: From Provenance to Authentication

D’Imporzano

Davies

2022

Analytical Chemistry for the Study of Paintings and the Detection of Forgeries

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Time-dependent variation of lead isotopes of lead white in 17th century Dutch paintings

Abstract: Changing lead isotope ratios of 17th century Dutch paintings over time suggest usefulness of isotope data for art authentication.

Cited by 9 publications

References 25 publications

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

Chemical profiling of a 130‐year‐old manuscript reveals the early use of synthetic lead white correction fluid in ancient China

A long‐distance copper alloy trade to the North Eastern Baltic during the late pre‐Roman and Roman Iron Age (250 BCE–450 CE) explored with lead isotope MC‐ICP‐MS

Lead Isotope Ratios of Lead White: From Provenance to Authentication

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