Time-Divided Spread-Spectrum Code-Based 400 fW-Detectable Multichannel fNIRS IC for Portable Functional Brain Imaging

Choi, Jong‐Jin; Kim, Jae‐Myoung; Hwang, Gunpil; Yang, Jaehyeok; Choi, Munkee; Bae, Hyeon‐Min

doi:10.1109/jssc.2015.2504412

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A portable, multi-channel continuous fNIRS imaging system (NIRSIT, two wavelengths: 780 and 850 nm; developed by the OBELAB, Seoul, Korea) with 24 laser sources and 32 photo detectors was used to measure brain activity [16]. A 48 channel probe configuration was placed on the prefrontal cortex, which allowed the mapping of each channel to the various Brodmann areas.…”

Section: Measurement Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Zhang

Olszewska-Guizzo

Husain

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: There is little understanding on how brief relaxation practice and viewing greenery images would affect brain responses during cognitive tasks. In the present study, we examined the variation in brain activation of the prefrontal cortex during arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images, brief relaxation practice, and control task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Method: This randomized controlled study examined the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in three groups of research participants who were exposed to viewing greenery images (n = 10), brief relaxation practice (n = 10), and control task (n = 11). The activation pattern of the PFC was measured pre- and post-intervention using a portable fNIRS device and reported as mean total oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO μm). Primary outcome of the study is the difference in HbO μm between post- and pre-intervention readings during a cognitive task that required the research participants to perform arithmetic calculation. Results: In terms of intervention-related differences, there was significant difference in average HbO μm when performing arithmetic tasks before and after brief relaxation practice (p < 0.05). There were significant increases in average HbO μm in the right frontopolar cortex (p = 0.029), the left frontopolar cortex (p = 0.01), and the left orbitofrontal cortex (p = 0.033) during arithmetic tasks after brief relaxation practice. In contrast, there were no significant differences in average HbO μm when performing arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images (p > 0.05) and the control task (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Our preliminary findings show that brief relaxation practice but not viewing greenery images led to significant frontal lobe activation during arithmetic tasks. The present study demonstrated, for the first time, that there was an increase in activation in neuroanatomical areas including the combined effort of allocation of attentional resources, exploration, and memory performance after the brief relaxation practice. Our findings suggest the possibility that the right frontopolar cortex, the left frontopolar cortex, and the left orbitofrontal cortex may be specifically associated with the benefits of brief relaxation on the brain.

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Section: Measurement Of Brain Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Zhang

Olszewska-Guizzo

Husain

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Early in 2016, Choi et al described the development of an integrated circuit for multi-channel NIRS, which was used as the basis for a 42-channel NIRS system that is also designed to sample only the pre-frontal cortex [21]. While this system is extremely promising, it is unclear from this sole publication whether it provides measurements at multiple source-detector distances, how its sampling density compares to fibre-based systems or whether the system can be used to produce 3D, tomographic images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional imaging of the human brain using a modular, fibre-less, high-density diffuse optical tomography system

Chitnis¹,

Cooper²,

Dempsey³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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We present the first three-dimensional, functional images of the human brain to be obtained using a fibre-less, high-density diffuse optical tomography system. Our technology consists of independent, miniaturized, silicone-encapsulated DOT modules that can be placed directly on the scalp. Four of these modules were arranged to provide up to 128, dual-wavelength measurement channels over a scalp area of approximately 60 × 65 mm2. Using a series of motor-cortex stimulation experiments, we demonstrate that this system can obtain high-quality, continuous-wave measurements at source-detector separations ranging from 14 to 55 mm in adults, in the presence of hair. We identify robust haemodynamic response functions in 5 out of 5 subjects, and present diffuse optical tomography images that depict functional haemodynamic responses that are well-localized in all three dimensions at both the individual and group levels. This prototype modular system paves the way for a new generation of wearable, wireless, high-density optical neuroimaging technologies.

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“…NEP value measured in this work is much lower than other state-of-the-art wearable fNIRS systems 56,57 (NEP of ∼400 fW). NEP improvement of two orders of magnitude is directly related to the higher SiPM sensitivity when compared to standard photodiodes (or APDs) in the wavelength range of interest (700 to 850 nm).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Characterization of a fiber-less, multichannel optical probe for continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy based on silicon photomultipliers detectors: in-vivo assessment of primary sensorimotor response

et al. 2017

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We report development, testing, and characterization of a multichannel optical probe for continuous wave (CW) functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) that relies on silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) detectors. SiPMs are cheap, low voltage, and robust semiconductor light detectors with performances analogous to photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). In contrast with PMTs, SiPMs allow direct contact with the head and transfer of the analog signals through thin cables greatly increasing the system flexibility avoiding optical fibers. The coupling of SiPMs and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) made the optical probe lightweight and robust against motion artifacts. After characterization of SiPM performances, which was proven to provide a noise equivalent power below 3 fW, the apparatus was compared through an experiment to a commercial system relying on laser diodes, PMTs, and optical fibers for light probing and detection. The optical probes were located over the primary sensorimotor cortex and the similarities between the hemodynamic responses to the contralateral motor task were assessed. When compared to other state-of-the-art wearable fNIRS systems, where photodiode detectors are employed, the single photon sensitivity and dynamic range of SiPMs can fully exploit the long and variable interoptode distances needed for correct estimation of brain hemodynamics using CW-fNIRS.

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Time-Divided Spread-Spectrum Code-Based 400 fW-Detectable Multichannel fNIRS IC for Portable Functional Brain Imaging

Cited by 46 publications

References 25 publications

Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS)

Functional imaging of the human brain using a modular, fibre-less, high-density diffuse optical tomography system

Characterization of a fiber-less, multichannel optical probe for continuous wave functional near-infrared spectroscopy based on silicon photomultipliers detectors: in-vivo assessment of primary sensorimotor response

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