Time-Domain Measurement and Spectral Analysis of Nonstationary Low-Frequency Magnetic-Field Emissions on Board of Rolling Stock

Bellan, Diego; Gaggelli, A.; Maradei, F.; Mariscotti, Andrea; Pignari, Sergio A.

doi:10.1109/temc.2004.823607

Cited by 24 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Moreover, notice that actual measurements are always affected by noise. Thus, in order to evaluate the impact of noise on the reconstructed field, an additive noise term u should be added in (2) to provide the analytical description of noise contribution:…”

Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this context, monitoring of the electromagnetic environment in proximity of high-speed railway lines is an important issue for both technical and health-risk evaluation reasons. Indeed, high levels of electrical power managed by modern railway systems together with operation of switching devices on board of rolling stock result in conducted emission (CE) of unwanted currents, mainly in the range of tens-hundreds of kilohertz, from the moving vehicle towards the railway line [1,2]. Such currents represent the source of radiated emission (RE) of magnetic field along a railway system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of Electromagnetic Environment Along High-Speed Railway Lines Based on Compressive Sensing

Bellan¹,

Pignari²

2015

PIER C

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Abstract-This paper deals with an efficient methodology aimed at monitoring the radiated electromagnetic emissions along a high-speed railway system in the hundreds of kilohertz range. In particular, the proposed approach allows a compressed representation of the spatial distribution of the frequency spectrum of the radiated magnetic field generated by the currents placed on the railway conductors by electrical apparatus on board of running railway vehicles. The main idea underlying this work is that the standing wave nature of current distribution along the railway line results in a spatial distribution of radiated magnetic field which can be effectively represented by resorting to the emerging compressive sensing theory. To this aim, wireless magnetic-field sensors are assumed to be deployed along the railway line and used to provide spatial samples of the magnetic field spectrum. The main advantages of the proposed approach include a smaller number of sensors when compared with the number foreseen by the straightforward use of the conventional Nyquist-Shannon sampling approach, and a simple treatment of nonuniform spatial distribution of sensors. Suitability of the proposed approach is supported by measurement data and electromagnetic models already available in the related literature, whereas effectiveness of field spatial reconstruction is proved through numerical simulations. Although the application presented in this work is specific to the magnetic field distribution in a limited frequency range, the proposed approach has a general validity and could be effectively exploited for distributed monitoring of other physical quantities, in other frequency ranges, related to electromagnetic compatibility and safety/security issues in high-speed railway systems.

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Section: Field Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring of Electromagnetic Environment Along High-Speed Railway Lines Based on Compressive Sensing

Bellan¹,

Pignari²

2015

PIER C

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“…The increasing availability of faster and higher-resolution analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), together with the increasing computational capability of processors, allow the design and development of measurement systems with increasing complexity. An interesting example of such complexity is represented by an ADC-based measurement system designed to measure the frequency content of a non-stationary vector field (e.g., magnetic/electric field) [1]- [3]. In fact, in this case the measurement system must implement one input channel for each spatial component of the vector field (e.g., the x, y, and z components) to be acquired simultaneously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noise Propagation in Multiple-Input ADC-Based Measurement Systems

Bellan

2014

Measurement Science Review

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In this paper, the complete statistical characterization of the amplitude spectrum at the output of a multiple-input ADC-based measurement system is derived under the assumption of input channels with different noise levels. In practical applications the input channels correspond to the spatial components of a vector field (e.g., magnetic/electric field). Each output spectral line represents the amplitude of the vector field at a specific frequency. Such amplitude is a random variable depending on the noise levels (internal and external noise) of the input channels. Closed form analytical solution for the probability density function of the vector field amplitude is not available in the mathematical literature under the hypothesis of different noise levels. Therefore, an analytical expression for the probability density function is derived on the basis of a Laguerre series expansion. The impact of the kind of time window, the sampling frequency, and the number of samples is clearly derived and put into evidence. Approximate analytical expressions for the mean value and the variance of the vector field amplitude are also provided. Analytical results are validated by means of numerical simulations.

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“…The measurement and survey of the electric and magnetic fields is very important in electromagnetic compatibility due to the field effects on technical and biological systems (Bellan et al 1 ), or in the field sources identification and characterization based on their electromagnetic signatures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A measurement system for an automatic survey of low frequency magnetic and electric fields

David

Nica²

2012

Review of Scientific Instruments

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In this paper we propose and verify by experiment a measurement system capable to survey both magnetic (H) and electric (E) fields at the same point, considering that the existing low frequency (50 Hz-10 kHz) instruments permit the survey at two different points, one for H and the other for E. This measurement system has a sensor with a special configuration, with a sensitivity to electric field of 1.3 mV∕(V∕m), and a sensitivity to magnetic induction of 143 mV∕μT. The instrument is suitable for long term survey of low frequency H and E fields by making spot measurements of the fields, both time domain and frequency domain representations of H and E. The correlation between the theoretical analysis of the instrument and the experimental results was very good. The proposed measurement system was used for an automatic survey of background magnetic and electric fields generated by power line in a room from an apartment building. These results are presented in this paper, highlighting the performances of the instrument.

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Time-Domain Measurement and Spectral Analysis of Nonstationary Low-Frequency Magnetic-Field Emissions on Board of Rolling Stock

Cited by 24 publications

References 9 publications

Monitoring of Electromagnetic Environment Along High-Speed Railway Lines Based on Compressive Sensing

Monitoring of Electromagnetic Environment Along High-Speed Railway Lines Based on Compressive Sensing

Noise Propagation in Multiple-Input ADC-Based Measurement Systems

A measurement system for an automatic survey of low frequency magnetic and electric fields

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