Time Domain Simulation of Damage Flooding Considering Air Compression Characteristics

Abstract

An accurate analysis of the entire flooding process is critical to assess the damaged stability when a ship encounters distressed accidents such as collision, stranding, or grounding. Among many factors affecting the flooding process and damaged stability, the complex effect of air compression is significant and worthy of further research. In this paper, through establishing scenarios of the damage flooding for a cruise ship, the commercial software CD Adapco STARCCM+ is applied to perform time domain simulation of flooding processes under different ventilation levels. The basic mathematical models about air compression and specific simulation settings of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are presented in detail. The simulation results show that water ingression results in an increase of air pressure and density inside the flooded compartment. The corresponding air compression can significantly delay the flooding process if the ventilation level is limited to a certain ratio. Finally, the stability of the damaged ship is affected.

Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Damage Openings on Ship Hydrodynamics by the Overset Mesh Technique

“…In the simulation process, in order to eliminate the composite influence arising from the air compressibility, an appropriate ventilation hole is constructed on the upper deck. In [24][25][26][27], it has the side view and body lines of the ship model, and Table 1 presents the principal dimensions of the ship model [23]. The created damaged compartment is located near the bow.…”

“…In the simulation process, in order to eliminate the composite influence arising from the air compressibility, an appropriate ventilation hole is constructed on the upper deck. In [24][25][26][27], it has As shown in Figure 5, two comparative damage scenarios are modeled separately. It can be found that the scenarios are specific to the location of the damage opening.…”

“…In the simulation process, in order to eliminate the composite influence arising from the air compressibility, an appropriate ventilation hole is constructed on the upper deck. In [24][25][26][27], it has been elaborated that the air compression in the flooded compartments will delay the flooding process and affect the dynamic behaviors of the damaged ship. According to the much-simplified assumption in MSC.362 (92) [28], if the total ventilation hole sectional area is 10% or more of the damage opening, the air compression may be neglected and the flooded compartment can be considered to be fully ventilated.…”

A Numerical Investigation on the Flooding Process of Multiple Compartments Based on the Volume of Fluid Method

“…In order to reduce the effect of air compression on the flooding process, the decks and bulkheads are equipped with ventilation holes to ensure that the trapped air can escape from the flooded compartments. For a more realistic simulation of the hydrodynamic phenomenon due to air compression, the flooded compartments should be characterized with appropriate ventilation restrictions [14][15][16]22]. It can be found that different internal layouts result in distinct flooding forms.…”

“…The flooding of a 2D section of a Ro-Ro ship in forced heave and roll motions was modelled. XinLong, et al [14] focused on the application of commercial software STAR-CCM+ Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver for analyzing the effect of air compression on the flooding process. Cao, et al [15] proposed a multi-phase SPH model combined with a dummy boundary method, considering air effect on the responses of the damaged ship in the dynamic flooding process.…”