Time Effects Relate to Crushing in Sand

Karimpour, Hamid; Lade, Poul V.

doi:10.1061/(asce)gt.1943-5606.0000335

Cited by 94 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Pushing of grains therefore accumulates strain energy up to the point of fracture. Under HSR loading, there is not enough time for strain energy accumulation [43,132], which prohibits crushing and promotes rolling-rearrangement resulting in a higher resistance to shear. The increased shearing resistance is also apparent from HSR triaxial data on medium dense and dense sand at low to high confining pressures, shown in Fig.…”

Section: Shear Strength Under Hsr Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-strain behavior of sand at high strain rates

Omidvar

Iskander

Bless³

2012

International Journal of Impact Engineering

224

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Section: Shear Strength Under Hsr Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress-strain behavior of sand at high strain rates

Omidvar

Iskander

Bless³

2012

International Journal of Impact Engineering

224

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“…Therefore, a study of the much stronger Virginia Beach sand, which consists of subangular to subrounded quartz particles, was conducted and sieve analyses were performed to prove that particle crushing relate directly to the observed time eŠects. The details of the equipment, specimen preparation and testing procedures are given by Karimpour and Lade (2010). The experiments were performed in a high pressure triaxial cell with an eŠective conˆning pressure of 8,000 kPa at which pressure signiˆcant crushing occurs in the Virginia Beach sand.…”

Section: Comparison Of Creep and Stress Relaxationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Static Fatigue Controls Particle Crushing and Time Effects in Granular Materials

Lade

Karimpour

2010

Soils and Foundations

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“…On the mechanism behind rate effects, Lade andLiu (1998), Lade (2007), Lade et al (2009, Lade and Karimpour (2010), Karimpour andLade (2010, 2013) and Karimpour (2012) proposed that changes in the developed force chains in grain assemblies can explain creep and stress relaxation behaviors in sand. This is because different boundary conditions prevail as a consequence of particle crushing, which is due to static fatigue.…”

Section: Page 5 Of 68mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…TESRA). Karimpour and Lade (2010) studied the effect of strain rate on the stress relaxation behavior of Virginia Beach sand under a confining pressure of 8000 kPa, where particle breakage was experienced. It was observed that higher initial loading rates produced slightly larger amounts of stress relaxation, but after some time the stress relaxation rate became approximately the same for all initial loading rates.…”

Section: Page 5 Of 68mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress relaxation behavior in Virginia Beach sand

Lade

Karimpour

2015

Can. Geotech. J.

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Effects of strain rate on the stress-strain and subsequent stress relaxation behaviors have been studied by performing triaxial compression tests on dense Virginia Beach sand specimens at three different strain rates (ratio of 256 between the slowest and the fastest) under low and high confining pressures. For the tests performed under low confining pressure, the specimens that were initially sheared at a faster rate showed a slightly higher amount of stress relaxation, but almost identical stress-strain behaviors were achieved. For tests performed under high confining pressure, the same amount of strength was achieved at high axial strains (10% to 20%) but specimens sheared at higher strain rates showed a slightly stiffer stress-strain response at low axial strains (up to 10%). Similar to the tests performed under low confining pressure, higher strain rates produced to some extent higher amounts of stress relaxation.Effects of correction of axial strain due to load cell expansion and drainage condition during stress relaxation have also been studied and the results indicated that correction of axial strain and undrained condition will both increase the observed amount of stress relaxation.Moreover, a 1-day stress relaxation curve was obtained by connecting the ending stress-strain points of six stress relaxation tests initiated at different deviator stress levels, and this curve was found to be different from the 1-day creep curve obtained from a previous study. A long-term stress relaxation test was also performed, and it showed linear reduction of deviator stress with the logarithm of time during stress relaxation. Observations made are all aligned with the phenomenon of static fatigue and the proposed mechanism for time effects in granular materials.

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Time Effects Relate to Crushing in Sand

Cited by 94 publications

References 35 publications

Stress-strain behavior of sand at high strain rates

Stress-strain behavior of sand at high strain rates

Static Fatigue Controls Particle Crushing and Time Effects in Granular Materials

Stress relaxation behavior in Virginia Beach sand

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