Time-Efficient Finite Field Microarchitecture Design for Curve448 and Ed448 on Cortex-M4

Anastasova, Mila; Azarderakhsh, Reza; Kermani, Mehran Mozaffari; Beshaj, Lubjana

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-29371-9_15

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) involves efficient cryptographic techniques that are resistant to attacks from quantum computing; thus, efficient and lightweight PQC is desirable for blockchains to minimize quantum computing-based attacks [85]. Being descendants of the family of elliptic curve cryptography, Montgomery curve (Curve448) and Edwards curve (Ed448) cryptographic techniques are deployed in digital signatures and key agreement, which can be efficiently implemented in Cortex-M4 with performance improvements and, thus, can be deployed in hybrid systems that use a mixture of classical and post-quantum cryptographic techniques [86]. Moreover, the Supersingular Isogeny Key Encapsulation (SIKE) mechanism is a post-quantum key encapsulation technique that can be implemented in the Cortex-M4 platform, yielding energy efficiency and fast computation; thus, it is suitable to be deployed in resource-constrained platforms such as blockchain-based KDNs [87].…”

Section: Blockchain Cryptographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Blockchain Technology in Knowledge-Defined Networking, Its Application, Benefits, and Challenges

Wijesekara,

Gunawardena

2023

Network

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Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN) necessarily consists of a knowledge plane for the generation of knowledge, typically using machine learning techniques, and the dissemination of knowledge, in order to make knowledge-driven intelligent network decisions. In one way, KDN can be recognized as knowledge-driven Software-Defined Networking (SDN), having additional management and knowledge planes. On the other hand, KDN encapsulates all knowledge-/intelligence-/ cognition-/machine learning-driven networks, emphasizing knowledge generation (KG) and dissemination for making intelligent network decisions, unlike SDN, which emphasizes logical decoupling of the control plane. Blockchain is a technology created for secure and trustworthy decentralized transaction storage and management using a sequence of immutable and linked transactions. The decision-making trustworthiness of a KDN system is reliant on the trustworthiness of the data, knowledge, and AI model sharing. To this point, a KDN may make use of the capabilities of the blockchain system for trustworthy data, knowledge, and machine learning model sharing, as blockchain transactions prevent repudiation and are immutable, pseudo-anonymous, optionally encrypted, reliable, access-controlled, and untampered, to protect the sensitivity, integrity, and legitimacy of sharing entities. Furthermore, blockchain has been integrated with knowledge-based networks for traffic optimization, resource sharing, network administration, access control, protecting privacy, traffic filtering, anomaly or intrusion detection, network virtualization, massive data analysis, edge and cloud computing, and data center networking. Despite the fact that many academics have employed the concept of blockchain in cognitive networks to achieve various objectives, we can also identify challenges such as high energy consumption, scalability issues, difficulty processing big data, etc. that act as barriers for integrating the two concepts together. Academicians have not yet reviewed blockchain-based network solutions in diverse application categories for diverse knowledge-defined networks in general, which consider knowledge generation and dissemination using various techniques such as machine learning, fuzzy logic, and meta-heuristics. Therefore, this article fills a void in the content of the literature by first reviewing the diverse existing blockchain-based applications in diverse knowledge-based networks, analyzing and comparing the existing works, describing the advantages and difficulties of using blockchain systems in KDN, and, finally, providing propositions based on identified challenges and then presenting prospects for the future.

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Section: Blockchain Cryptographymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Blockchain Technology in Knowledge-Defined Networking, Its Application, Benefits, and Challenges

Wijesekara,

Gunawardena

2023

Network

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“…For example, refs. [55][56][57] discusses the implementation of Curve448 and Ed448 algorithms on the Cortex-M4 processor. In [6,58], the focus is on the implementation of the SIKE (Supersingular Isogeny Key Encapsulation) algorithm on the Cortex-M4 processor, with the latest version being SIKE Round 3 [58,59].…”

Section: Pqcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role-Driven Clustering of Stakeholders: A Study of IoT Security Improvement

Almalki

Alnahdi

Albalawi

2023

Sensors

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This study aims to address the challenges of managing the vast amount of data generated by Internet of Things (IoT) devices by categorizing stakeholders based on their roles in IoT security. As the number of connected devices increases, so do the associated security risks, highlighting the need for skilled stakeholders to mitigate these risks and prevent potential attacks. The study proposes a two-part approach, which involves clustering stakeholders according to their responsibilities and identifying relevant features. The main contribution of this research lies in enhancing decision-making processes within IoT security management. The proposed stakeholder categorization provides valuable insights into the diverse roles and responsibilities of stakeholders in IoT ecosystems, enabling a better understanding of their interrelationships. This categorization facilitates more effective decision making by considering the specific context and responsibilities of each stakeholder group. Additionally, the study introduces the concept of weighted decision making, incorporating factors such as role and importance. This approach enhances the decision-making process, enabling stakeholders to make more informed and context-aware decisions in the realm of IoT security management. The insights gained from this research have far-reaching implications. Not only will they benefit stakeholders involved in IoT security, but they will also assist policymakers and regulators in developing effective strategies to address the evolving challenges of IoT security.

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“…They provide assurance against a timing attack with their regular and constant implementation. In [44], they outline a design for Curve448 and Ed448 on Cortex-M4. These are curves that are expected to be able to provide post-quantum security.…”

Section: Other Postquantum Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Quantum Authentication in the MQTT Protocol

Samandari,

Gritti

2023

JCP

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Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a common communication protocol used in the Internet of Things (IoT). MQTT is a simple, lightweight messaging protocol used to establish communication between multiple devices relying on the publish–subscribe model. However, the protocol does not provide authentication, and most proposals to incorporate it lose their lightweight feature and do not consider the future risk of quantum attacks. IoT devices are generally resource-constrained, and postquantum cryptography is often more computationally resource-intensive compared to current cryptographic standards, adding to the complexity of the transition. In this paper, we use the postquantum digital signature scheme CRYSTALS-Dilithium to provide authentication for MQTT and determine what the CPU, memory and disk usage are when doing so. We further investigate another possibility to provide authentication when using MQTT, namely a key encapsulation mechanism (KEM) trick proposed in 2020 for transport level security (TLS). Such a trick is claimed to save up to 90% in CPU cycles. We use the postquantum KEM scheme CRYSTALS-KYBER and compare the resulting CPU, memory and disk usages with traditional authentication. We found that the use of KEM for authentication resulted in a speed increase of 25 ms, a saving of 71%. There were some extra costs for memory but this is minimal enough to be acceptable for most IoT devices.

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Time-Efficient Finite Field Microarchitecture Design for Curve448 and Ed448 on Cortex-M4

Cited by 15 publications

References 27 publications

A Review of Blockchain Technology in Knowledge-Defined Networking, Its Application, Benefits, and Challenges

A Review of Blockchain Technology in Knowledge-Defined Networking, Its Application, Benefits, and Challenges

Role-Driven Clustering of Stakeholders: A Study of IoT Security Improvement

Post-Quantum Authentication in the MQTT Protocol

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