Time Estimation and Total Subjective Time

Walker, James L.

doi:10.2466/pms.1977.44.2.527

Cited by 32 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…For Lernlich (1975)) it is subjective time that is sensed, not real time, whereas for Janet (1877), chronological age is the basis for the sense of real time. Lemlich (1975) reported support for his predictions derived from the square-root function, and Walker (1977) confirmed this report.…”

supporting

confidence: 87%

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Subjective Time Estimation and Age

1991

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Time seems to accelerate with increasing age. This subjective acceleration or compression may be due to the operation of a linear or a square-root function that relates present age to past age. A subjective magnitude-estimation technique was applied in a questionnaire given to 282 university students to determine which function best fitted the data. The results did not support the hypothesis that subjective time is estimated by either linear or square-root functions. Instead, the results indicate that subjective time is estimated with respect to a stable constant independent of age. These results support the notion that the purely subjective perception of time may serve as a measure of psychological temporal processes that remain stable with age. A linear function of age was, however, significantly related to error in the estimation of test-duration.

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supporting

confidence: 87%

“…The present study attempts to test the square-root model using the same procedure as was used by Lemlich (1975) and Walker (1977). I n addition, because these measures of rate and duration of time at different ages are purely subjective, a measure of time estimation was also recorded which may be compared to an objective standard.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Subjective Time Estimation and Age

1991

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“…Some evidence supporting this point was presented by Lemlich (1975), who suggested that the subjective duration of a year varies inversely with the square root of the person's age and reported results in line with his hypothesis. Lemlich's results were confirmed in general by Walker (1977) and by Joubert (1983). It might therefore be concluded that some biological clock (or some complex ofinterrelated clocks; Schroots & Birren, 1990) slows progressively as a function of increasing age, thereby giving rise to the subjective feeling that external time is passing ever faster.…”

supporting

confidence: 67%

Aging and judgments of duration: Effects of task complexity and method of estimation

Craik

Hay

1999

Perception & Psychophysics

135

119

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The effects of aging on judgments of short temporal durations were explored using the prospective paradigm and the methods of verbal estimation and production. Younger and older adults performed a perceptual judgment task at five levels of complexity for periods of 30, 60, and 120 sec. Participants either continued to perform the task for a specified interval (production) or were stopped and then verbally estimated the interval. Older adults gave shorter verbal estimates and longer productions than did younger adults. The methods of verbal estimation and production yielded approximately equal durationjudgment ratios once range effects were taken into account. Task complexity had little effect. The major conclusion is that duration judgment ratios decrease from younger to older adults when the intervals are filled with a mental task.

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“…Finally, participants were asked to make a very long-term duration comparison of the present year to a year when they were one-quarter or one-half their current age. Although lacking the rigor and exactitude of short-term duration judgements (seconds to minutes), several researchers have investigated these very long-term retrospective estimates on a time scale of years (Gallant et al, 1991;Lemlich, 1975;Walker, 1977). These types of estimates do not involve an internal clock, but they may involve recall processes that caffeine may affect (Smith et al, 1993).…”

Section: Purpose Of Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements

Gruber

Block

2003

Human Psychopharmacology

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The effects of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements were evaluated in a double-blind placebo-controlled experiment. After taking either 200 mg caffeine or a placebo, participants touched a 17-sided polygon for 15 s. Then they verbally estimated the number of angles and the duration. Participants in the prospective group were told in advance they would be making a duration estimate, whereas those in the retrospective group were not told. Caffeine reduced duration estimates in the prospective condition but not in the retrospective condition. The effect of caffeine on very long duration comparisons (the past year compared with a year at one-half and one-quarter of one's age) was also evaluated, but none was found. The findings do not support the hypothesis that caffeine affects duration experience by increasing the internal clock rate as a result of its dopamine D(2) agonist properties. The hypothesis that caffeine produces its effect by enhancing memory was considered and rejected. The most parsimonious explanation is that caffeine increased arousal level, which led to a narrowing of the focus of attention to the most salient task.

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Time Estimation and Total Subjective Time

Cited by 32 publications

References 1 publication

Subjective Time Estimation and Age

Subjective Time Estimation and Age

Aging and judgments of duration: Effects of task complexity and method of estimation

Effect of caffeine on prospective and retrospective duration judgements

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