Time Flies—Age Grading of Adult Flies for the Estimation of the Post-Mortem Interval

Amendt, Jens; Bugelli, Valentina; Bernhardt, Victoria

doi:10.3390/diagnostics11020152

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 128 publications

(167 reference statements)

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“…Consequently, the development of insects in the corpse allows the calculation of the life span of the corpse after death (Amendt et al . 2021; Catts & Goff 1992). For use as a reference in criminal investigations, the post‐mortem interval needs to be reliably estimated via accurate assessment of the developmental rates of larvae under laboratory conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of Chrysomya saffranea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in response to different food substrates

Galil

Al-Keridis

Al-Shuraym

et al. 2021

Entomological Research

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Chrysomya saffranea is an insect that is important in criminal forensics as it plays a large role in decomposition on human cadavers. In this paper, the different developmental stages of C. saffranea flies were studied in the laboratory on different food, such as meat, liver, fat tissue and mixed food, to test whether these media affect the development of their larvae and have an impact on the calculation of the post‐mortem interval. Our results indicated a significant growth enhancement among flies that fed on the mixed food (pure fat, meat and liver minced in equal proportions) compared with those that fed on minced (pure fat tissues, pure meat of and minced liver) of buffalo. The present results also confirmed the impact of food on the growth of C. saffranea, as well as the post‐mortem interval PMI.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth and development of Chrysomya saffranea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in response to different food substrates

Galil

Al-Keridis

Al-Shuraym

et al. 2021

Entomological Research

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“…In general, being able to estimate insect age could be relevant since (i) it can help furnish a measure of the success of control measures, as a younger population age structure would indicate the desired increased adult mortality, (ii) in insect vectors, the probability to become infected increases with age [ 152 , 153 ], and (iii) it has a relevance for medical and forensic entomology, as it contributes to determine the postmortem interval [ 154 , 155 ].…”

Section: Autofluorescence In Dipteramentioning

confidence: 99%

Autofluorescent Biomolecules in Diptera: From Structure to Metabolism and Behavior

Croce

Scolari

2022

Molecules

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Light-based phenomena in insects have long attracted researchers’ attention. Surface color distribution patterns are commonly used for taxonomical purposes, while optically-active structures from Coleoptera cuticle or Lepidoptera wings have inspired technological applications, such as biosensors and energy accumulation devices. In Diptera, besides optically-based phenomena, biomolecules able to fluoresce can act as markers of bio-metabolic, structural and behavioral features. Resilin or chitinous compounds, with their respective blue or green-to-red autofluorescence (AF), are commonly related to biomechanical and structural properties, helpful to clarify the mechanisms underlying substrate adhesion of ectoparasites’ leg appendages, or the antennal abilities in tuning sound detection. Metarhodopsin, a red fluorescing photoproduct of rhodopsin, allows to investigate visual mechanisms, whereas NAD(P)H and flavins, commonly relatable to energy metabolism, favor the investigation of sperm vitality. Lipofuscins are AF biomarkers of aging, as well as pteridines, which, similarly to kynurenines, are also exploited in metabolic investigations. Beside the knowledge available in Drosophila melanogaster, a widely used model to study also human disorder and disease mechanisms, here we review optically-based studies in other dipteran species, including mosquitoes and fruit flies, discussing future perspectives for targeted studies with various practical applications, including pest and vector control.

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“…They are commonly known as ocular pigments and serve as a filter for UV protection [44,45] and as a pathway of nitrite elimination [44,46]. In the other words, these are biochemical metabolics that can be quantified and utilized for calculating the ages of insects [47,48]. Temperature is a factor that affects pteridine levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Influence of Changing and Fixed Temperatures on the Growth and Pteridine Content in the Head of Adults Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

Ngando

Zhang

et al. 2023

Animals

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Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) are regarded as significant in medical and veterinary entomology, and their development models can be utilized as considerable markers to ascertain the minimum postmortem interval (PMImin). In this research, we explored the growth cycle and larval body length of Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart 1839 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) reared under variable temperatures ranging from 15.7 to 31.1 °C, with an average of 24.55 °C and relative humidity ranges from 31.4 to 82.8% and at six fixed temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and then 35 °C. Moreover, pteridine from the head was used to assess adult age grading. Our results allowed us to provide three development models: the isomorphen chart, the isomegalen chart, and the thermal summation models. The time taken for S. crassipalpis to complete its development from larviposition to adult emergence at constant temperatures of 15, 20, 25, 30, 32, and 35 °C was 1256.3 ± 124.2, 698.6 ± 15.1, 481.8 ± 35.7, 366.0 ± 13.5, and 295.8 ± 20.5 h, respectively, except 35 °C, where all pupae were unable to attain adulthood. They lasted 485.8 ± 5.4 h under variable temperatures. The minimum developmental limit (D0) temperature and the thermal summation constant (K) of S. crassipalpis were 9.31 ± 0.55 °C and 7290.0 ± 388.4 degree hours, respectively. The increase in pteridine content exhibited variations across different temperatures. There was quite a considerable distinction in the pteridine contents of male and female S. crassipalpis at 15 °C (p = 0.0075) and 25 °C (p = 0.0213). At 32 °C and variable temperatures, the pteridine content between female and male S. crassipalpis was not statistically divergent. However, temperature and gender remain the main factors influencing the pteridine content in the head of S. crassipalpis. We aim to provide detailed developmental data on S. crassipalpis that can be used as a valuable resource for future research and PMI estimation.

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Time Flies—Age Grading of Adult Flies for the Estimation of the Post-Mortem Interval

Cited by 8 publications

References 128 publications

Growth and development of Chrysomya saffranea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in response to different food substrates

Growth and development of Chrysomya saffranea (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in response to different food substrates

Autofluorescent Biomolecules in Diptera: From Structure to Metabolism and Behavior

Analysis of the Influence of Changing and Fixed Temperatures on the Growth and Pteridine Content in the Head of Adults Sarcophaga crassipalpis (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)

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