Time-Gated Photon Counting Receivers for Optical Wireless Communication

Huang, Shenjie; Safari, Majid

doi:10.1109/jlt.2021.3112828

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Signal power is defined by e mean of e p o on coun n s r bu ons of b ' ' an b ' ', no se po er comes from e ar ance of ' ' coun n distribution an ' ' coun n s r bu on. e a era e p o on e ec on ra e of b ' ' an b ' ' can be written as [13]:…”

Section: A Ber Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, there are very few applications in CD mode SPAD-based OWC receiver. The time-gated (TG) mode of SPAD operation can be achieved through selectively adjusting the biasing voltage to exceed or fall below the SPAD breakdown voltage within designated time intervals [13], [14]. Our proposal to use the TG mode to improve the performance of SPAD-based OWC systems was presented in [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Time-Controlled SPAD Receivers in Optical Wireless Communication System

Liu,

Jiang,

Kumar

et al. 2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) capable of single photon detection are promising optical sensors for use as receivers in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. In SPAD-based receivers, the intersymbol interference (ISI) effect caused by dead time is an important drawback that limits performance. In this paper, we propose two novel SPAD operation modes to reduce the ISI effect in SPAD-based OWC. To validate the feasibility of these two modes, we designed a freerunning SPAD front-end circuit with post-layout transient simulation results and some measurements to show its function and performance. This SPAD circuit is improved by a novel mixed passive-active quench and reset front-end circuit that achieves a very short dead time. Based on the traditional freerunning mode, we design the clock-driven mode and time-gated mode to reduce the ISI effect through time-controlled operating signals. To accurately evaluate these three modes, we develop a new simulation system to assess the ISI effect in On-Off Keying (OOK) modulated communication. The simulation results demonstrate that the clock-driven mode and time-gated mode receivers can improve the bit error rate (BER) performance in low data rate communication and high data rate high optical power communication, respectively. Moreover, compared to the free-running mode, the two proposed time-controlled modes achieve higher data rate communication and better noise tolerance ability in SPAD-based OWC.

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Section: A Ber Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-Controlled SPAD Receivers in Optical Wireless Communication System

Liu,

Jiang,

Kumar

et al. 2023

IEEE Photonics J.

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“…In recent years, there is an increase of interest in employing the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in optical wireless communications (OWC) [1]- [4]. To achieve a SPAD receiver, the conventional photodiode should be biased above the breakdown voltage so that it operates in the so-called Geiger mode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPAD-Based Optical Wireless Communication With Signal Pre-Distortion and Noise Normalization

Huang¹,

Safari

2022

IEEE Trans. Commun.

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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in exploring the application of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in optical wireless communication (OWC). As a photon counting detector, SPAD can provide much higher sensitivity compared to the other commonly used photodetectors. However, SPAD-based receivers suffer from significant dead-time-induced non-linear distortion and signal dependent noise. In this work, we propose a novel SPAD-based OWC system in which the non-linear distortion caused by dead time can be successfully eliminated by the pre-distortion of the signal at the transmitter. In addition, another system with joint pre-distortion and noise normalization functionality is proposed. Thanks to the additional noise normalization process, for the transformed signal at the receiver, the originally signal dependent noise becomes signal independent so that the conventional signal detection techniques designed for AWGN channels can be employed to decode the signal. Our numerical results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed SPAD-based systems compared to the existing systems in terms of BER performance and achievable data rate.

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“…In communication applications, timehanded technology can effectively reduce the effects of background photons. However, time-gated techniques reduce the impact of background photons by decreasing exposure time, but limited exposure times also reduce the incidence of signal photons [19]. Therefore, we build the photon count model and BER model of the time-gated mode based on the photon counting characteristics of the SPAD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gate-Width Optimisation Based on Time-Gated Single Photon Avalanche Diode Receiver for Optical Wireless Communications

Wang

et al. 2022

Electronics

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Using a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) as a receiver in an optical wireless communications (OWC) system can effectively expand the transmission distance. However, the performance of the SPAD receiver is usually affected with the bit error rate (BER) lower bound determined by background light and the inter-symbol interference (ISI) distortion caused by dead time. In this paper, external time-gated technology is employed, and the SPAD is only activated within the set gate-ON time to alleviate the influence of background light and ISI distortion. The SPAD photon counting model and the communication BER model are established according to the external time-gated characteristics. Considering the functional relationship among the gate-ON time, signal light flux, background light flux and blocking time, we take the minimum BER as the optimization target, the optimal gate-ON time is derived. The numerical results show that whenever the signal light flux or the background light flux is higher, the BER performance of the time-gated mode is apparently better than the free-running mode. For example, when signal photons and background photons are 30 and 10 per symbol time, respectively, the BER of free-running SPAD converges to 0.1, while the BER of the time-gated scheme is about 10−6.

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Time-Gated Photon Counting Receivers for Optical Wireless Communication

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Time-Controlled SPAD Receivers in Optical Wireless Communication System

Time-Controlled SPAD Receivers in Optical Wireless Communication System

SPAD-Based Optical Wireless Communication With Signal Pre-Distortion and Noise Normalization

Gate-Width Optimisation Based on Time-Gated Single Photon Avalanche Diode Receiver for Optical Wireless Communications

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