Time‐lapse seismic monitoring of compaction and subsidence at Valhall through cross‐matching and interpreted warping of 3D streamer and OBC data

Hall, Stephen A.; MacBeth, Colin; Barkved, O. I.; Wild, Phil

doi:10.1190/1.1817004

Cited by 25 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…The warp derivation procedure suggested here is outlined in Figure 2. The first part of the procedure takes two data volumes, roughly equalized in terms of amplitude, frequency, and phase effects as described in Hall et al, 2005͒. The method then assesses the best vector shift at nodal points, which are initially placed on horizons.…”

Section: Methodology 1: Warp Derivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, such assessment can be contaminated by misalignments of the snapshot images. These misalignments will be vector shifts ͑although it is often incorrectly assumed that the shifts will be purely in time͒ that may result from ͑1͒ acquisition, such as wide azimuth to narrow azimuth imaging differences ͑e.g., Hall et al, 2002͒; ͑2͒ processing, differences in velocity field/migration ͑e.g., Rickett and Lumley, 2001;Druzhinin and MacBeth, 2001;Hall et al, 2005͒; and ͑3͒ compaction and subsidence ͑e.g., Guilbot and Smith, 2002;Hall et al, 2002;2003a, b;Barkved et al, 2005;Hatchell and Bourne, 2005͒. Guilbot and Smith ͑2002͒ demonstrated that assessment of timevariant statics between two seismic images of a producing reservoir from different times in a field's life could be used to detect production-induced time shifts ͑such analysis has also been carried out more recently for other fields, e.g., Hall et al, 2003b;Barkved et al, 2005;Hatchell and Bourne, 2005͒. Such an approach sheds new light on subsurface processes in terms of the combined effects of vertical displacements and strain-induced velocity changes ͑see Figure 1c͒.…”

Section: Time-lapse Seismic 3d Image Registration and Warpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these concepts relate to time-lapse seismic challenges, i.e., the need for image matching and registration of equivalent snapshot images of producing hydrocarbon reservoirs to highlight changes that have occurred. Consequently, warping methodologies have been investigated for 4D seismic image registration, first proposed by Rickett and Lumley ͑2001͒ with later work by Druzhinin andMacBeth ͑2001͒, Nickel et al ͑2003͒ ͑using an approach much like warping but under a different name͒, and Hall et al ͑2002;2003a, b͒. In the latter cited cases, it became apparent that the warping operator itself can contain valuable information that might be used as a time-lapse attribute to gain insight into production-induced changes. The misalignments also involved lateral shifts.…”

Section: Time-lapse Seismic 3d Image Registration and Warpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An approach to resolve the vector displacements into the 4D deformation and velocity changes also is proposed. The proposed methodology builds on the previous developments of Hall et al ͑2002;2003a, b͒, which are summarized and developed in this paper. The warping methodology and the structure of the paper are split into three main steps to be addressed separately in subsequent sections: ͑1͒ warp-field derivation, ͑2͒ interpolation and conditioning, and ͑3͒ application for image matching or deformation analysis.…”

Section: Time-lapse Seismic 3d Image Registration and Warpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A methodology for 7D warping and deformation monitoring using time-lapse seismic data

Hall

2006

GEOPHYSICS

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A methodology is presented for vector analysis of the image displacements ͑warping͒ between successive 3D seismic image volumes that provides 7D analysis ͑including lateral and vertical displacements͒ of in situ subsurface deformation around hydrocarbon reservoirs. The key challenges are ͑1͒ assessment of just vertical shifts is insufficient, and vector displacements should be determined; ͑2͒ robust vertical displacements can usually be derived, but lateral shifts are less well defined because of the generally smooth data character in a horizontal/horizon plane; ͑3͒ subvoxel resolution is necessary for correct matching and deformation analysis; ͑4͒ velocity and strain effects are intrinsically combined in timelapse seismic images; ͑5͒ separation of accumulated and local effects is necessary; ͑6͒ apparently coherent and smooth displacement fields do not necessarily provide good strain analysis; ͑7͒ warping is easily degraded by noise, and good cross-matching is a prerequisite. To address these challenges, a full 3D, local warp vector derivation methodology is proposed, which involves ͑1͒ constraint using prior estimates, ͑2͒ local refinement with subvoxel resolution, and ͑3͒ 3D and vectorial conditioning using a deformable mesh with sensitivity to image-match quality. The warping approach is extended to separate accumulated from local effects and to analyze in situ deformation based on the displacement vector volume. This is achieved by a finite-element approach to determine an elemental pseudostrain tensor field and an iterative procedure to separate the pseudostrain into velocity and strain components. The approach up to the strain analysis, is demonstrated using a real data example, which indicates the potential of the methodology ͑accumulated overburden effects are separated to reveal a local compaction signature in the reservoir͒, but realistic, quantitative values of strain have not yet been realized.

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Section: Methodology 1: Warp Derivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time-lapse Seismic 3d Image Registration and Warpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time-lapse Seismic 3d Image Registration and Warpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Time-lapse Seismic 3d Image Registration and Warpingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A methodology for 7D warping and deformation monitoring using time-lapse seismic data

Hall

2006

GEOPHYSICS

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“…This method belongs to a family of techniques that exploit the waveform similarity of two traces. Wolberg (1990) and Hall et al (2002) show two applications of this type of time-alignment. To align two seismic traces, some other methods are based on a global nonlinear optimisation, such as the Needleman-Wunsch algorithm (Needleman and Wunsch, 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

4D Joint Stratigraphic Inversion of Prestack Seismic Data: Application to the CO₂Storage Reservoir (Utsira Sand Formation) at Sleipner Site

Labat

Delépine

Clochard

et al. 2012

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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Résumé -Inversion stratigraphique jointe 4D de données sismiques avant sommation : application au réservoir de stockage de CO 2 (Formation Utsira) du site de Sleipner -Le monitoring sismique est couramment utilisé dans l'industrie pétrolière pour suivre l'évolution des propriétés des réservoirs au cours de leur production. Nous présentons ici une méthodologie d'inversion stratigraphique 4D qui fournit une estimation des variations d'impédances des ondes P et S dans le réservoir, par inversion de données de sismiques répétées avant-sommation. L'inversion 4D est implémentée dans le domaine temps et nécessite une loi de mise à l'échelle des temps de trajets pour chaque jeu de données de sismique répétée (aussi appelé "millésime") afin de mettre en correspondance les temps d'arrivée d'événements homologues observés sur les jeux de données appelés référence et monitors. Cette opération est souvent appelée "warping". L'inversion 4D est une méthodologie qui comporte trois étapes : la première étape consiste à inverser chaque millésime sismique séparément, pour produire autant de distributions en impédances P et S que de jeux de données considérés. La seconde étape utilise l'information des impédances P disponibles pour résoudre le problème du warping, qui est un point clé pour la troisième et dernière étape : l'inversion jointe de tous les millésimes sismiques disponibles. Cette séquence d'inversion 4D a été appliquée aux jeux de données enregistrés sur le réservoir de stockage de CO 2 du site norvégien de Sleipner (Mer du Nord). Ce dernier est devenu un site industriel de référence pour le stockage à long terme du dioxyde de carbone (CO 2 ) dans un aquifère salin, la formation des sables de l'Utsira. Nous avons focalisé notre étude sur l'inversion 4D des millésimes 1994 et 2006, acquise respectivement avant et dix ans après le début de l'injection de CO 2 . Le warping a fourni une loi de mise à l'échelle des temps de propagation avec un retard maximum d'environ 45 ms à la base de l'aquifère Utsira. L'inversion 4D jointe a donné des résultats plus cohérents que les inversions 3D : l'inversion 4D fournit en particulier des impédances P pour les grès saturés en CO 2 qui sont très proches des valeurs fournies par la physique des roches. Abstract

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Anisotropic Poroelastic Modelling of Depletion-Induced Pore Pressure Changes in Valhall Overburden

et al. 2023

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Stress and pore pressure changes due to depletion of or injection into a reservoir are key elements in stability analysis of overburden shales. However, the undrained pore pressure response in shales is often neglected but needs to be considered because of their low permeability. Due to the anisotropic nature of shales, the orientation of both rock and stresses should be considered. To account for misalignment of the medium and the stress tensor, we used anisotropic poroelasticity theory to derive an angle-dependent expression for the pore pressure changes in transversely isotropic media under true-triaxial stress conditions. We experimentally estimated poroelastic pore pressure parameters of a shale from the Lista formation at the Valhall field. We combined the experimental results with finite element modelling to estimate the pore pressure development in the Valhall overburden over a period of nearly 40 years. The results indicate non-negligible pore pressure changes several hundred meters above the reservoir, as well as significant differences between pore pressure and effective stress estimates obtained using isotropic and anisotropic pore pressure parameters. We formulate a simple model approximating the undrained pore pressure response in low permeable overburden. Our results suggest that in the proximity of the reservoir the amplitude of the undrained pore pressure changes may be comparable to effective stresses. Combined with the findings of joint analysis of locations of casing deformation and total and effective stresses, the results suggest that pore pressure modelling may become an important element of casing collapse and caprock failure risk analysis and mitigation.

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Time‐lapse seismic monitoring of compaction and subsidence at Valhall through cross‐matching and interpreted warping of 3D streamer and OBC data

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

A methodology for 7D warping and deformation monitoring using time-lapse seismic data

A methodology for 7D warping and deformation monitoring using time-lapse seismic data

4D Joint Stratigraphic Inversion of Prestack Seismic Data: Application to the CO₂Storage Reservoir (Utsira Sand Formation) at Sleipner Site

Anisotropic Poroelastic Modelling of Depletion-Induced Pore Pressure Changes in Valhall Overburden

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Time‐lapse seismic monitoring of compaction and subsidence at Valhall through cross‐matching and interpreted warping of 3D streamer and OBC data

Cited by 25 publications

References 5 publications

A methodology for 7D warping and deformation monitoring using time-lapse seismic data

A methodology for 7D warping and deformation monitoring using time-lapse seismic data

4D Joint Stratigraphic Inversion of Prestack Seismic Data: Application to the CO2Storage Reservoir (Utsira Sand Formation) at Sleipner Site

Anisotropic Poroelastic Modelling of Depletion-Induced Pore Pressure Changes in Valhall Overburden

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4D Joint Stratigraphic Inversion of Prestack Seismic Data: Application to the CO₂Storage Reservoir (Utsira Sand Formation) at Sleipner Site