Time-lapse vertical seismic profile for CO2 monitoring in carbon capture, utilization , and sequestration/EOR, Farnsworth project

Field‐scale reactive transport assessment of CO2 storage in the Farnsworth unit through enhanced oil recovery practices

“…The injected CO 2 was originally derived from two major point source emitters, the Agrium fertilizer plant in northern Texas and the Arkalon ethanol plant in southwestern Kansas, 20 though since 2018 the CO 2 has only come from the Arkalon ethanol plant 21,22 . The southwest regional partnership on carbon sequestration (SWP), sponsored by the US Department of Energy (DOE), began a study on the FWU in 2012 involving laboratory experiments of CO 2 injection and transport, 23,24 characterization of the FWU pore fluids and geology, 25–29 numerical modeling of reservoir evolution resulting from CO 2 injection, 23,26,30–50 tracer studies, 41,51,52 and risk assessment and site monitoring 40,41,52–59 . Despite the extensive previous study, important knowledge gaps remain, especially with respect to larger‐scale chemical effects of the CO 2 injection beyond the vicinity of the injection and production wells.…”

Quantitative interpretation of time‐lapse seismic data at Farnsworth field unit: Rock physics modeling, and calibration of simulated time‐lapse velocity responses

“…Fluid saturation changes within the injection zone can be monitored by computing seismic attributes from the processed seismic data. Among these attributes, the time‐lapse time or depth shifts are widely employed to observe the travel time differences within the injection zone for several repeated seismic surveys 5–7 . A time‐lapse effect resulting from the fluid injection is evidenced by a decrease in the seismic velocities 5 .…”

“…Time‐lapse seismic monitoring studies performed in the Farnsworth field have mainly been qualitative. For instance, El‐Kaseeh 5 presented the acquisition and the various processing steps employed to obtain the Farnsworth field unit (FWU) seismic record. The study investigated fluid movement by interpreting seismic attributes from the 4D seismic data.…”

“…Among these attributes, the time-lapse time or depth shifts are widely employed to observe the travel time differences within the injection zone for several repeated seismic surveys. [5][6][7] A time-lapse effect resulting from the fluid injection is evidenced by a decrease in the seismic velocities. 5 Our study focuses on the Farnsworth field, a matured oil field that has undergone primary, and secondary recovery stages and is currently undergoing a CO 2 -WAG injection.…”

“…[5][6][7] A time-lapse effect resulting from the fluid injection is evidenced by a decrease in the seismic velocities. 5 Our study focuses on the Farnsworth field, a matured oil field that has undergone primary, and secondary recovery stages and is currently undergoing a CO 2 -WAG injection. The sequential banks of oil, water, miscible CO 2 -oil mixture, and free phase supercritical CO 2 associated with the CO 2 enhanced oil recovery process create a complex fluid system that requires a suitable fluid model to simulate the fluid phase behavior.…”