Time Machine Biology: Cross-Timescale Integration of Ecology, Evolution, and Oceanography

Yasuhara, Moriaki; Huang, Huai-Hsuan May; Hull, Pincelli M.; Rillo, Marina C.; Condamine, Fabien L.; Tittensor, Derek P.; Kučera, Michal; Costello, Mark J.; Finnegan, Seth; O’Dea, Aaron; Hong, Youlian; Bonebrake, Timothy C.; McKenzie, N. Ryan; Doi, Hideyuki; Wei, Chih‐Lin; Kubota, Yasuhiro; Saupe, Erin E.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2020.225

Cited by 37 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 145 publications

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“…Microfossils, such as the calcareous planktonic foraminifera, allow for the study of global biogeographical patterns through time (Lazarus 2011, Yasuhara et al 2020a). Such fossils occur in the oceans worldwide, and accumulate on the seafloor over time, creating layers of preserved biomineralised structures (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of global pre‐industrial patterns of species turnover in planktonic foraminifera

2021

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Anthropogenic climate change is altering global biogeographical patterns. However, it remains difficult to quantify how bioregions are changing because pre‐industrial records of species distributions are rare. Marine microfossils, such as planktonic foraminifera, are preserved in seafloor sediments and allow the quantification of bioregions in the past. Using a recently compiled data set of pre‐industrial species composition of planktonic foraminifera in 3802 worldwide seafloor sediments, we employed multivariate and statistical model‐based approaches to study spatial turnover in order to 1) quantify planktonic foraminifera bioregions and 2) understand the environmental drivers of species turnover. Four latitudinally banded bioregions emerge from the global assemblage data. The polar and temperate bioregions are bi‐hemispheric, supporting the idea that planktonic foraminifera species are not limited by dispersal. The equatorial bioregion shows complex longitudinal patterns and overlaps in sea surface temperature (SST) range with the tropical bioregion. Compositional‐turnover models (Bayesian bootstrap generalised dissimilarity models) identify SST as the strongest driver of species turnover. The turnover rate is constant across most of the SST gradient, showing no SST threshold values with rapid shifts in species composition, but decelerates above 25°C, suggesting SST is less predictive of species composition in warmer waters. Other environmental predictors affect species turnover non‐linearly, and their importance differs across regions. In the Pacific ocean, net primary productivity below 500 mgC m−2 day−1 drives fast compositional change. Water depth values below 3000 m (which affect calcareous microfossil preservation) increasingly drive changes in species composition among death assemblages in the Pacific and Indian oceans. Together, our results suggest that the dynamics of planktonic foraminifera bioregions are expected to be highly responsive to climate change; however, at lower latitudes, environmental drivers other than SST may affect these dynamics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of global pre‐industrial patterns of species turnover in planktonic foraminifera

2021

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“…Studies on the effect of climate on deep-time biodiversity patterns have been centred largely on temperature, in both marine (Yasuhara et al, 2012(Yasuhara et al, , 2020 and terrestrial systems (e.g., Shiono et al, 2018), but our results emphasize the need to consider changes in precipitation regime as long-term drivers of change in terrestrial systems. Furthermore, our results highlight the potential for using fossils as proxies for precipitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

No‐analogue associations in the fossil record of southern conifers reveal conservatism in precipitation, but not temperature axes

Brown

Brodribb

Jordan

2021

Global Ecol. Biogeogr.

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Aim: Southern conifers have evolved under different evolutionary pressures compared with northern lineages, but in both regions these plants have undergone extensive extinction and range alteration over the Cenozoic (the last 66 Myr). It is not possible to observe the ecology of fossils directly, but indirect evidence of changes in bioclimatic envelopes can be derived from no-analogue assemblages (i.e., groups of co-occurring fossils that have climatically incongruous living relatives). We identify and examine the specific pairs of no-analogue fossils within assemblages to disentangle the effects of climatic factors on past conifer extinctions and suggest which of these factors are likely to threaten southern conifer biodiversity in the future.Location: Southern Hemisphere. Time period: Cenozoic.Major taxa studied: Conifers. Methods:We use a recently developed method, "hyperoverlap", to identify noanalogue pairs of southern conifers. We characterize each pair in terms of temperature and precipitation and evaluate temporal patterns in no-analogue pairs. These analyses represent a novel approach to studying both no-analogue fossils and past changes in bioclimatic envelopes. Results:We identified 240 no-analogue pairs in the Cenozoic record of southern conifers. Most (75.4%) observations of no-analogue pairs are likely to result from a change in the thermal (rather than hydrological) distribution between the fossil taxa and their extant counterparts, regardless of region or assemblage age. Thus, the fossil record shows some thermal lability, but strong hydrological stability in the tolerances of these plants. This implies that most southern conifers have inhabited wet climates through the Cenozoic, which is consistent with physiological evidence suggesting strong conservatism in drought tolerance.Main conclusions: Southern conifers have adapted successfully to a wide range of temperatures, but future changes in rainfall are likely to pose the greatest threat to these plants, either directly or indirectly (e.g., through increased incidence of fire in mesic areas).

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“…An increase in the relative diversity of the deep tropics is also seen in the benthic foraminiferal fossil record at ca. 37 Ma and, since then, the standard deep-sea foraminiferal latitudinal diversity gradient has been persistent until today (Thomas and Gooday, 1996;Culver and Buzas, 2000;Yasuhara et al, 2020)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bottom temperature and particulate organic carbon flux, the major food source for deep-sea benthos, are commonly used to explain large-scale deep-sea diversity patterns in space and time (Rex and Etter, 2010;Tittensor et al, 2011;Yasuhara et al, 2014bYasuhara et al, , 2020Yasuhara and Danovaro, 2016;Jöst et al, 2019;Wei et al, 2020), but neither of them shows substantial change at the transition between the tropics and subtropics, nor do they show clear latitudinal trends in low-mid latitudes (O'Hara et al, 2011;Sweetman et al, 2017). Thus, to better understand high biodiversity in the deep sea, it is important to better understand the identity and affinities of tropical deep-sea faunas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quaternary equatorial Atlantic deep-sea ostracodes: evidence for a distinct tropical fauna in the deep sea

et al. 2021

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Low-latitude, deep-sea faunas remain poorly understood and described. Here, we systematically describe Quaternary deep-sea ostracodes from the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 925 (Ceara Rise; 4°12.2'N, 43°29.3′W; 3040 m water depth) in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Twenty-six genera and 52 species were examined and illustrated with high-resolution scanning electron microscopy images. Six new species are described herein: Pseudocythere spinae, Hemiparacytheridea zarikiani, Pedicythere canis, Xylocythere denticulata, Paracytherois obtusa, and Poseidonamicus sculptus. The results show that deep-sea ostracodes have a tropical faunal element that is distinctive from higher latitude ostracodes, and that is globally distributed in low latitudes. This tropical faunal component is possibly a Tethyan legacy of a fauna that was widely distributed in tropical and extratropical latitudes in deep waters during greenhouse conditions in the Cretaceous and early Cenozoic. Global cooling thereafter shrank its distribution, limiting it to tropical latitudes, perhaps with the relatively warm uppermost bathyal area acting as the source or refuge of this faunal component. Because similar present-day biogeographic patterns (i.e., presence and wide distribution of tropical deep-sea fauna) are known in other deep-sea benthic groups, this scenario might be applicable to the deep-sea benthos more broadly. UUID: http://zoobank.org/552d4cb2-c0db-463a-ae3f-b2efcc0985df.

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Time Machine Biology: Cross-Timescale Integration of Ecology, Evolution, and Oceanography

Cited by 37 publications

References 145 publications

Drivers of global pre‐industrial patterns of species turnover in planktonic foraminifera

Drivers of global pre‐industrial patterns of species turnover in planktonic foraminifera

No‐analogue associations in the fossil record of southern conifers reveal conservatism in precipitation, but not temperature axes

Quaternary equatorial Atlantic deep-sea ostracodes: evidence for a distinct tropical fauna in the deep sea

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