Time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF‐MRA) of the normal equine head

Manso‐Díaz, G.; García-Real, M. I.; Casteleyn, Christophe; Sanroman, Fidel; Taeymans, Olivier

doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.2012.00621.x

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The use of advanced cross‐sectional imaging techniques, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), allows us to obtain tomographic images of the head, avoiding superimposition of normal anatomical structures . MRI of the normal equine head has been extensively documented . An array of isolated conditions has also been described, but only few retrospective studies including a wide variety of conditions have been performed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Equine Head Disorders: 84 Cases (2000–2013)

Manso‐Díaz

Dyson

Dennis

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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The equine head is an anatomically complex area, therefore advanced tomographic imaging techniques, such as computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are often required for diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to describe MRI characteristics for a large sample of horses with head disorders. Horses imaged over a period of 13 years were recruited. Eighty-four horses met the inclusion criteria, having neurological (n = 65), sinonasal (n = 14), and soft tissue (n = 5) disorders. Magnetic resonance imaging accurately depicted the anatomy and allowed identification of the primary lesion and associated changes. There were good correlations between MRI findings and intraoperative or postmortem results. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the exact localization of the lesions, their size, and relation to surrounding structures. However, in the neurological group, there were 45 horses with no MRI abnormalities, 29 of which had a history of recurrent seizures, related to cryptogenic epilepsy. Magnetic resonance imaging was otherwise a valuable diagnostic tool, and can be used for studying a broad range of head disorders using either low-field or high-field magnets.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Equine Head Disorders: 84 Cases (2000–2013)

Manso‐Díaz

Dyson

Dennis

et al. 2014

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Despite the increasing availability and use of MR units in practice for imaging of the distal limbs, comprehensive imaging of the equine proximal appendicular and axial skeletons remains a challenge. An increasing number of studies have been published using MRI for evaluation of the equine skull 56 including studies reporting the normal anatomy, 57,58 cranial nerves and various neurologic diseases, 59,60 sinonasal disorders, 61 and pulp cavity of normal and diseased cheek teeth 62 . Clinical use of MRI of the equine skull is primarily limited to single case reports 63‐67 or small case series, 68,69 although one large, multicentre study 70 has been published describing MRI use for a variety of different disorders of the skull.…”

Section: Veterinary Applications Of Cone‐beam Computed Tomographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of cone‐beam computed tomography for advanced imaging of the equine patient

Stewart

Siewerdsen

Nelson

et al. 2021

Equine Veterinary Journal

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Access to volumetric imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT), has increased over the past decade and has revolutionised the way clinicians evaluate equine anatomy. More recent advancements have resulted in the development of multiple commercially available cone‐beam CT (CBCT) scanners for equine use. CBCT scanners modify the traditional fan‐shaped beam of ionising radiation into a three‐dimensional pyramidal‐ or cone‐shaped beam of radiation. This modification enables the scanner to acquire sufficient data to create diagnostic images of a region of interest after a single rotation of the gantry. The rapid acquisition of data and divergent X‐ray beam causes some artifacts to be more prominent on CBCT images—as well as the unique cone‐beam artifact—resulting in decreased contrast resolution. While the use of CT for evaluation of the equine musculoskeletal anatomy is not new, there is a paucity of literature and scientific studies on the capabilities of CBCT for equine imaging. CBCT units do not require a specialised table for imaging and in some cases are portable for imaging in the standing or anaesthetised patient. This review article summarises the basic physics of CT technology, including how CBCT imaging differs, and provides objective information about the strengths and limitations of this modality. Finally, potential future applications and techniques for imaging with CT which will need to be explored in order to fully consider the capabilities of CT imaging in the horse are discussed.

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“…Diagnosis is aided by a thorough physical and neurological examination and the use of imaging modalities, but the options for imaging remain somewhat limited in general practice. Tomographic modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which eliminate superimposition of adjacent structures, are now available for imaging of the equine head (Morrow et al 2000;V azquez et al 2001;Ferrell et al 2002;Solano and Brawer 2004;Manso-D ıaz et al 2013Manso-D ıaz et al , 2014Gonc ßalves et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical application of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of cranial nerves in horses in comparison with high resolution imaging standards

Dixon

Lam

Weller

et al. 2016

Equine Veterinary Education

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Summary Although horses are affected by cranial nerve disease, our understanding of these structures' imaging anatomy is limited, and the optimal modality for imaging of each of these nerves is unclear. The aim of this study was to describe the imaging appearance of the equine cranial nerves on high‐resolution 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scans of a cadaver head, and with these as standards, examine the utility of MRI and CT performed in clinical cases. High‐resolution MRI and CT images were prospectively acquired of the head of a normal Thoroughbred gelding following euthanasia. Ten clinical cases undergoing high‐field MRI under general anaesthesia and 10 clinical cases undergoing CT in the standing horse under sedation were retrospectively evaluated by three reviewers to assess cranial nerve visibility. On high‐resolution, thin‐slice, MRI scans of the normal cadaver head, each of the 12 cranial nerves and their topographic location could be appreciated. On high‐resolution cadaver CT, cranial nerves II, V and VII were clearly visible, but others were less easily identified; osseous structures were clearly visualised. Clinical MRI and CT allowed for variable visualisation of the cranial nerves, dependent on the sequence and the orientation of scan planes. High‐field MRI allowed excellent visualisation of equine cranial nerves, whereas CT allowed for more detailed visualisation of the osseous canals and foramina. In live horses, the ability to identify all 12 nerves is challenging with either MRI or CT; however, high‐field MRI enables better visualisation of the nerve bundles than CT.

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Time‐of‐flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF‐MRA) of the normal equine head

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Equine Head Disorders: 84 Cases (2000–2013)

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of Equine Head Disorders: 84 Cases (2000–2013)

Use of cone‐beam computed tomography for advanced imaging of the equine patient

Clinical application of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging for evaluation of cranial nerves in horses in comparison with high resolution imaging standards

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