Time-of-Flight Measurements of Acoustic Wave Speed in a Sandy Sediment at 0.6–20 kHz

Hines, Paul C.; Osler, John C.; Scrutton, Jeff; Halloran, Landon J. S.

doi:10.1109/joe.2010.2054291

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…13 In this case, a good agreement could not be obtained at a high frequency. Moreover, another SAX04 dispersion data set obtained by Hines et al 24 is shown in Fig. 14 in conjunction with the SAX99 dispersion data set.…”

Section: Sax99 and Sax04 Datamentioning

confidence: 91%

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Experimental validation and applications of a modified gap stiffness model for granular marine sediments

Kimura

2008

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The author has proposed a modified gap stiffness model, which is incorporated into the Biot model; the resultant model is called the BIMGS model. By using this model, it is theoretically demonstrated that the frame bulk modulus is dependent on frequency [M. Kimura, "Frame bulk modulus of porous granular marine sediments," J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120, 699-710 (2006)]. In this study, the modified gap stiffness model is reinvestigated and approximated expressions are derived for low- and high-frequency ranges. In particular, experimental validation of the BIMGS model is carried out. First, for glass beads and beach sands, the modified gap stiffness at a high frequency is experimentally obtained as a function of the grain size. Second, by using the measured values of the longitudinal wave velocities in the glass beads with two types of alcohol-water-mixed liquids, it is validated that the frame bulk modulus is a linear function of the fluid bulk modulus and that the frame bulk modulus is dependent on frequency, which can be derived from the BIMGS model. Finally, for applying the BIMGS model, it is shown that the reported velocity dispersion and the frequency dependence of attenuation, which cannot be explained by using the Biot-Stoll model with a constant frame bulk modulus, can be explained.

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Section: Sax99 and Sax04 Datamentioning

confidence: 91%

“…2,23,24 We begin by investigating Turgut and Yamamoto's data. 23 In their data, it is observed that there is a large dispersion at frequencies ranging from 1 to 27 kHz, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Turgut and Yamamoto's Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental validation and applications of a modified gap stiffness model for granular marine sediments

Kimura

2008

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…19 Direct measurements at the SAX04 site with a similar sandy bottom resulted in the average speed ratio of 1.046-1.068 for 600, 800, and 1000 Hz. 66 Changing the speed ratio from 1.126 into 1.06-1.08 ͑upper values shown in Fig. 8͒ and keeping TL and normal-mode attenuation rates unchanged ͓cf.…”

Section: Bottom Attenuation Inverted From Transmission Loss Off Damentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hines et al 66 reported the speed ratios in the bottoms at the SAX04 site ͑that was near the SAX99 site͒, obtained from direct time-of-flight measurements along all three Cartesian axes at 600, 800, and 1000 Hz. For comparison, the LF speed ratio data from the SAX99 and SAX04 are also plotted in Fig.…”

Section: B Lf Sound Speed Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-frequency geoacoustic model for the effective properties of sandy seabottoms

Zhou

Zhang

Knobles

2009

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

113

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The debate on the sound speed dispersion and the frequency dependence of sound attenuation in seabottoms has persisted for decades, mainly due to the lack of sufficient experimental data in the low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency speed/attenuation transition band. This paper analyzes and summarizes a set of LF measurements in shallow water that have resulted in the identification of nonlinear frequency dependence of sound attenuation in the effective media of sandy seabottoms. The long-range acoustic measurements were conducted at 20 locations in different coastal zones around the world. The seabed attenuations, inverted from different acoustic field measurements and characteristics, exhibit similar magnitude and nonlinear frequency dependence below 1000 Hz. The resulting effective sound attenuation can be expressed by alpha(dB/m)=(0.37+/-0.01)(f/1000)((1.80+/-0.02)) for 50-1000 Hz. The corresponding average sound speed ratio at the bottom-water interface in the 50-600 Hz range is 1.061+/-0.009. Both the LF-field-derived sound speed and attenuation can be well described by the Biot-Stoll model with parameters that are consistent with either theoretical considerations or experimental measurements. A combination of the LF-field-inverted data with the SAX99, SAX04, and other high-frequency measurements offers a reference broadband data set in the 50-400 000 Hz range for sonar prediction and sediment acoustics modeling.

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“…However, at low frequencies, none of the models are able to give sound speed values that are low enough to match the measured values. The measured sound speeds shown are from a number of investigators at SAX99 [6] and from Hines, Osler, Scrutton and Lyons at SAX04 [7]. The Wood's Equation sound speed, which is the sound speed in a suspension of the same porosity, is the lower bound for all effective medium models.…”

Section: Expermimental Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Propagation in Water-saturated Sand and Grain Contact Physics

Chotiros¹,

Isakson²,

Simmen³

et al. 2010

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Articles you may be interested inComments on "Biot model of sound propagation in water-saturated sand" [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 97, 199-214 (1995) Abstract. Measurements in sandy ocean sediments over a broad range of frequencies show that the sound speed dispersion is significantly greater than that predicted by the Biot-Stoll model with constant coefficients, and the observed sound attenuation does not seem to follow a consistent power law. The observations may be explained in terms of the Biot-Stoll model with frequency-dependent complex frame bulk and shear moduli that are governed by the grain-grain contact physics, and random motion at the grain level. In the case of water-saturated sands, the contact stiffness is dominated by squirt flow and viscous drag of a thin fluid film that permeates the contact area. Using this approach, the observed sound and shear wave speeds and attenuations may be modeled over a broad band of frequencies.

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Time-of-Flight Measurements of Acoustic Wave Speed in a Sandy Sediment at 0.6–20 kHz

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental validation and applications of a modified gap stiffness model for granular marine sediments

Experimental validation and applications of a modified gap stiffness model for granular marine sediments

Low-frequency geoacoustic model for the effective properties of sandy seabottoms

Wave Propagation in Water-saturated Sand and Grain Contact Physics

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