Time of Quarter Effect: An Uncontrolled Variable in Electrodermal Research

Fisher, Leslie E.; Winkel, Mark H.

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1979.tb01463.x

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Only Wenger and Cullen (1962) obtained significant correlations of r ¼ 0.27 between air pressure and SCL for their male participants, and Waters et al (1979) found a corresponding effect in their long-term study. Fisher and Winkel (1979) could not confirm correlations between EDA and air pressure.…”

Section: Other Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…However, these differences were relatively small, as were the correlations between SCL and humidity (r ¼ À0.23 for females and r ¼ À0.11 for males). Fisher and Winkel (1979) could not determine any significant connection between EDA and humidity. Waters et al (1979) observed significant connections 72 The dry electrodes used in this study may have contributed to this inconsistency.…”

Section: Other Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…In a habituation experiment with 96 participants, Fisher and Winkel (1979) obtained significant correlations between the outside temperature and the SCR amp. as well as the NS.SCR freq., however, they regarded these influence as small enough to decide against performing an accordant correction of their data.…”

Section: Ambient Temperaturementioning

confidence: 97%

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Electrodermal Activity

Boucsein

2012

1,619

1,589

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except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights.Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Foreword to the Second EditionAs noted by David Lykken in the foreword to the first edition of this book, electrodermal activity was observed for the first time in Germany. A quartercentury later the scientific study of psychology also originated in Germany. Over time, however, the focus of psychological research, including the then new field of psychophysiology, shifted to the United States and Great Britain. This trend to the dominance of the United States and Great Britain was prolonged by the devastation of World War II and its aftermath in Germany (and elsewhere in continental Europe). Slowly at first and then more rapidly, German psychological science, including psychophysiology, recovered. For several decades German psychophysiologists have been a major force in psychophysiology. With the publication of the first English edition of this book in 1992, it became essential for electrodermal researchers worldwide again to learn from our German colleagues.When I came into psychophysiology in the mid-1960s, electrodermal activity was the most common system studied. Because of its popularity, a large literature had emerged on the physiological mechanisms producing these changes in the electrical properties of the skin and on the best methodology for recording them. Major reviews and/or chapters had been published or soon were to be published by Peter Venables and Irene Martin, Robert Edelberg, and David Lykken. Later reviews and articles were published by Venables and Margaret Christie, and by me. A chapter in 1990 by Michael Dawson, Anne Schell, and Diane Filion was especially noteworthy for its coverage of the psychological applications of electrodermal measures.Note that all these publications were journal articles and chapters and that most of them focused almost entirely on mechanisms and methodology. The publication of this book, first in German and then in English, provided the first book on electrodermal activity, and one that extensively covers psychological applications as well as mechanisms and methodology. Again to quote David Lykken back in 1992, "The return of German scholarship to what I shall loftily call the high table of psychophysiology is exemplified by this fine book, the most comprehensive treatise on the electrodermal system to appear in any language . . ." I completely agree with v that evaluation. Professor Boucsein's outstanding scholarship has produced a book of such breadth of coverage ...

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Section: Other Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Section: Other Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Electrodermal Activity

Boucsein

2012

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“…Venables () reported a curvilinear relationship, that is, a negative correlation between SCL and humidity from 54% to 66% but positive correlations below 54% and above 66% relative humidity. No connection between EDA and humidity was found by Fisher and Winkel (). In their Mauritian study, Venables and Christie () obtained age‐dependent correlations between various EDA parameters and humidity.…”

Section: Influences On Electrodermal Recordingmentioning

confidence: 90%

Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements

2012

Psychophysiology

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608

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This committee was appointed by the SPR Board to provide recommendations for publishing data on electrodermal activity (EDA). They are intended to be a stand-alone source for newcomers and experienced users. A short outline of principles for electrodermal measurement is given, and recommendations from an earlier report (Fowles et al., 1981) are incorporated. Three fundamental techniques of EDA recording are described: (1) endosomatic recording without the application of an external current, (2) exosomatic recording with direct current (the most widely applied methodology), and (3) exosomatic recording with alternating current-to date infrequently used but a promising future methodology. In addition to EDA recording in laboratories, ambulatory recording has become an emerging technique. Specific problems that come with this recording of EDA in the field are discussed, as are those emerging from recording EDA within a magnetic field (e.g., fMRI). Recommendations for the details that should be mentioned in publications of EDA methods and results are provided.Descriptors: Electrodermal measurement, Skin potential, Skin conductance, Skin admittance, Laboratory and field recording Changes in the electrical activity of palmar and plantar skin, being concomitants of psychological phenomena, can be regarded as one of the origins of psychophysiological recording. Galvanic skin responses or, as called later by a more general term, electrodermal responses (collectively designated as electrodermal activity or EDA) were observed as early as in the last two decades of the 19th century (for an historical overview, see Neumann & Blanton, 1970), at a time when recordings of human electroencephalogram (EEG) were yet unknown. Since then, both phasic and tonic EDA measures have been used extensively in psychophysiological research for a large variety of purposes, and their usage continues even in recent years where the main focus of psychophysiological research has shifted to more direct observations of brain functions.Over time, a great variety of methods for recording EDA were developed, and a wealth of studies using them in various fields of application have been around for considerably more than half a century. Publication standards recommended in 1981 by a committee appointed by the then editor of this journal (Fowles et al., 1981) have been updated by the present committee, taking into account methodological developments of the past 30 years.The committee opted for making these recommendations a stand-alone source, enabling readers to get all information they will need for setting up their own EDA recording and evaluation procedures. Those who want to go into more details or get more information on the origins of EDA and fields of EDA application are referred to the Dawson, Schell, and Filion (2007) chapter in the Handbook of Psychophysiology edited by Cacioppo, Tassinary, and Berntson and to a recently updated handbook on EDA (Boucsein, 2012).

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“…Beckman silver-silver chloride electrodes, l cm in diameter, were attached to the dorsal and palmar surfaces of the subject's right band with Beckman adhesive collars to measure skin resistance (Fisher and Winkel 1979;Godkewitsch 1976). Beckman electrode paste served äs the electrolyte.…”

Section: Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomic differentiation of temporal components of sexist humor

Winkel¹

1993

Humr

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Investigations employing physiological markers to assess affective responses to humor have largely ignored concomitant cognitive processes. To clarify some of these relationships, pupil diameter, the skin conductance response, and heart rate were recorded while 24 male andfemale subjects responded to a series ofnonsexist, male sexist, andfemale sexist jokes. Pupil change, heart rate, and skin conductance were measured both before and after auditory presentation ofhumorous Statements. Additionally, subjects rated the Statements on two dimensions: humorousness and offensiveness. Results provide support for the attenuation of heart rate and skin conductance measures of arousal during decoding of sexist humor. That subjects first interpreted the jokes cognitively was evidenced by pupillary dilation during Statement presentation, with decreasedpupil diameter occurring afterwards. Even though subjects clearly differentiated the Statements by humorousness and offensiveness, no relationships werefound among these subjective measures and the physiological data. This indicates that at least two temporally distinct psychological periods occurred while responding to sexist humor. The results ofthepresent investigation underscore the usefulness ofcombining cognitive and physiological measures to understand the time course of humor decoding and appreciation.Sigmund Freud clearly recognized the fact that individuals find sexual content in humor amusing and with a purpose; that is, it compels the person who is assailed of the utterance to imagine the part of the body or procedure in question and shows that the assailant is also imagining it (Freud 1960(Freud [1905). Sexist humor often contains elements of what Freud referred to äs smut, sexual content, either explicit or more subtle

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Time of Quarter Effect: An Uncontrolled Variable in Electrodermal Research

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Electrodermal Activity

Electrodermal Activity

Publication recommendations for electrodermal measurements

Autonomic differentiation of temporal components of sexist humor

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